Supplemental Table 1. Baseline characteristics of the study cohort after imputation and GBM-IPTW.
| Variable | Fixed 5/10 | Fixed 5/20 | Free 5/10 | MASD |
| Age, years | 64.3 ± 11.9 | 63.2 ± 12.0 | 65.2 ± 11.9 | 0.063 |
| Male | 53.9 | 53.0 | 52.9 | 0.063 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 26.5 ± 3.7 | 26.8 ± 3.7 | 26.3 ± 3.6 | 0.080 |
| Smoking | 12.9 | 16.9 | 13.5 | 0.095 |
| Cardiovascular disease | ||||
| Coronary artery disease | 14.3 | 17.4 | 13.7 | 0.078 |
| Peripheral artery disease | 5.1 | 2.8 | 4.7 | 0.070 |
| Acute coronary syndrome | 0.88 | 2.4 | 3.0 | 0.086 |
| Stroke | 20.8 | 20.7 | 26.4 | 0.133 |
| Any cardiovascular disease | 35.7 | 36.5 | 40.0 | 0.092 |
| Comorbidity | ||||
| Diabetes mellitus | 41.8 | 37.9 | 36.2 | 0.093 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 20.4 | 17.4 | 19.9 | 0.048 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 3.9 | 6.3 | 3.8 | 0.100 |
| Malignancy | 23.5 | 22.9 | 18.9 | 0.079 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 7.3 | 6.4 | 5.8 | 0.027 |
| Charlson’s Comorbidity Index score | 2.1 ± 2.1 | 1.9 ± 2.1 | 2.2 ± 2.1 | 0.121 |
| Medication | ||||
| Antiplatelet agents | 39.9 | 40.1 | 45.8 | 0.097 |
| ACEi | 3.7 | 4.5 | 2.9 | 0.065 |
| ARBs | 31.6 | 38.1 | 34.9 | 0.110 |
| Beta-blockers | 29.3 | 31.8 | 28.8 | 0.075 |
| Diuretics | 8.2 | 8.9 | 9.0 | 0.062 |
| Other anti-hypertensive agents | 8.4 | 11.4 | 10.9 | 0.071 |
| GLP-1 RA | 0.21 | 0.74 | 0.50 | 0.066 |
| SGLT2i | 3.9 | 5.5 | 2.0 | 0.120 |
| Other oral hypoglycemic agents | 15.4 | 13.0 | 15.8 | 0.109 |
| Insulin | 4.5 | 3.9 | 5.4 | 0.104 |
| Vital signs at baseline | ||||
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 145.6 ± 21.4 | 147.1 ± 22.0 | 144.1 ± 19.9 | 0.104 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 82.2 ± 13.3 | 82.7 ± 13.0 | 81.0 ± 12.6 | 0.061 |
| Heart rate, beat/min | 79.9 ± 13.1 | 80.9 ± 13.4 | 80.4 ± 12.6 | 0.041 |
| Laboratory data at baseline | ||||
| LDL, mg/dL | 116.5 ± 46.4 | 121.9 ± 46.9 | 116.9 ± 47.2 | 0.068 |
| HDL, mg/dL | 47.9 ± 12.8 | 47.7 ± 13.5 | 47.7 ± 13.2 | 0.005 |
| Non-HDL, mg/dL | 140.1 ± 42.3 | 146.4 ± 56.7 | 141.3 ± 43.2 | 0.076 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 188.7 ± 43.4 | 196.3 ± 57.9 | 190.2 ± 45.5 | 0.093 |
| Triglyceride, mg/dL | 128 [86, 173] | 133 [95, 182] | 122 [90, 171] | 0.073 |
| HbA1C, % | 6.7 ± 1.5 | 6.7 ± 1.5 | 6.6 ± 1.4 | 0.042 |
| Fasting glucose, mg/dL | 117.8 ± 40.1 | 116.9 ± 41.5 | 112.8 ± 34.5 | 0.067 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 1.0 ± 0.9 | 1.0 ± 0.7 | 1.1 ± 1.3 | 0.058 |
| eGFR, ml/min/1.73 m2 | 81.3 ± 30.5 | 80.5 ± 28.6 | 80.5 ± 31.2 | 0.029 |
| Serum uric acid, mg/dL | 5.9 ± 1.6 | 6.0 ± 1.5 | 6.0 ± 1.6 | 0.019 |
| Urine ACR | 54 [7, 315] | 61 [7, 346] | 87 [5, 326] | 0.009 |
| ALT, U/L | 22 [16, 31] | 23 [16, 33] | 22 [16, 30] | 0.062 |
| AST, U/L | 26 [21, 32] | 25 [20, 31] | 26 [21, 31] | 0.060 |
| Follow up year | 1.7 ± 0.9 | 1.6 ± 0.8 | 1.7 ± 0.9 | 0.133 |
ACEi, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors; ACR, albumin/creatinine ratio; ALT, alanine amino transferase; ARBs, angiotensin receptor blockers; AST, aspartate transaminase; eGFR, estimated Glomerular filtration rate; GBM-IPTW, generalized boosted modeling-inverse probability of treatment weighting; GLP-1 RA, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist; HbA1C, glycated hemoglobin; HDL, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; HTN, hypertension; LDL, low density lipoprotein cholesterol; Non-HDL, non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol; SGLT2i, sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor.
Data were presented as frequency (percentage), median [25th, 75th percentile] or mean ± standard deviation.