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. 2022 Nov 8;12(11):1824. doi: 10.3390/life12111824

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Postulated mechanisms of carbocysteine–SARS-CoV-2–airway cells interaction. AC: adenylyl cyclase; ACE-2: angiotensin converting enzyme-2; CBA: ciliary bend angle; CBF: ciliary beat frequency; CFTR: cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator; i-pH: intracellular-pH; ROS: reactive oxygen species; TNFα: tumor necrosis factor alpha; ↓: reduced; ↑: increased