Table 4.
Comparison of pharmacokinetic parameters of resveratrol and its main metabolites administered alone and combined with alcohol.
| Parameters (Unit) | Resveratrol | R3G | R3S | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alone | Combination | Alone | Combination | Alone | Combination | |
| AUC(0–12h) (nmol.h/mL) | 7779.5 ± 1103.0 | 1036.0 ± 181.4 ***↓ | 52,550.5 ± 11,692.2 | 26,734.7 ± 3102.9 *↓ | 2716.0 ± 455.0 | 1195.0 ± 193.7 *↓ |
| AUC(0-∞) (nmol.h/mL) | 10,302.1 ± 2484.6 | 2215.5 ± 908.7 *↓ | 56,446.3 ± 11,852.6 | 31,948.1 ± 1964.0 | 2358.4 ± 390.4 | 1764.8 ± 363.9 |
| Cmax (nmol/mL) | 4986.0 ± 865.0 | 453.6 ± 134.5 ***↓ | 11,211.7 ± 2441.7 | 6012.0 ± 259.0 | 801.8 ± 160.6 | 333.8 ± 57.2 *↓ |
| Tmax (h) | 0.7 ±0.1 | 0.3 ± 0.1 ***↓ | 0.8 ± 0.1 | 0.3± 0.0 ***↓ | 0.7 ± 0.1 | 0.3 ± 0.0 *↓ |
| t1/2 (h) | 1.7 ± 0.2 | 4.2 ± 0.8 *↑ | 2.1 ± 0.5 | 5.2 ± 1.1 *↑ | 2.4 ± 0.3 | 6.5 ± 1.4 ***↑ |
AUC(0–12h), area under the plasma concentration-time curve from 0 to 12 h; AUC(0–∞), area under the plasma concentration-time curve from 0 to infinity hours; Cmax, maximal concentration; Tmax, time to peak concentration; t1/2, eliminate half-life. R3G, trans-resveratrol-3-o-β-glucuronide; R3S, trans-resveratrol-3-sulfate salt. Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM. * p < 0.05; *** p < 0.001. ↑: significantly increased; ↓: significantly decreased.