Table 2.

Modulation of the gut microbiota as a therapeutic approach for several neurological deformities. Direct modulation of the gut microbiota can be a potential therapeutic target for treating neurological disorders. The table summarizes recent research findings on the reformation of the gut microbiota by probiotic therapies and fecal microbiota transplantation to overcome the neuropathologic condition.

S. No.	Therapeutic Approach	Phylum/Genus or the Name of Particular Bacteria	Neurological Disorder	References
1.	Recolonization of beneficial bacteria	Oral administration of Bacteroides fragilis	Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis	[174]
2.	Fecal microbiota transplantation	Fecal microbiota suspension was injected through a TET tube.	Parkinson’s disease	[175]
3.	Bacteriotherapy	Transcolonoscopic infusion of 13 non-pathogenic enteric bacteria	Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS)	[176]
4.	Administration of human commensal bacteria	Bacteroides fragilis	MIA mouse model of ASD (autism spectrum disorder)	[177]
5.	Probiotic supplementation	Lactobacillus acidophilus, L. fermentum, Bifidobacterium lactis	Alzheimer’s disease	[178]
6.	Fecal microbiota transplantation	FMT from healthy uninjured mice	Spinal cord injury (SCI) mice model	[179]
7.	Probiotic supplementation	Bifidobacterium bifidum BGN4 and Bifidobacterium longum BORI	Alzheimer’s disease	[180]
8.	Probiotic supplementation	Bifidobacterium infantis	Rat maternal separation (MS) model of depression	[181]
9.	Fecal microbiota transplantation	Fecal suspension injected into the colon through the catheters	Traumatic brain injury (TBI) in male Sprague Dawley rats	[182]
10.	Probiotic supplementation	Streptococcus thermophilus, Bifidobacterium lactis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus helveticus,	Alzheimer’s disease triple-transgenic mice	[183]