Table 1.
Pre-SOP vs. SOP.
| Variable | Unmatched Cohort (n = 421) | Matched Groups (n = 306) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre-SOP (n = 189) |
SOP (n = 232) |
p | Pre-SOP (n = 153) |
SOP (n = 153) |
p | |
| Age (years) | 60.12 {13.99} | 61.94 {13.01} | 0.165 | 60.50 {14.45} | 60.14 {13.79} | 0.842 |
| Sex (male) | 146 (77.2) | 173 (74.6) | 0.600 | 121 (79.1) | 113 (73.9) | 0.345 |
| BMI | 27.59 {5.72} | 28.37{6.64} | 0.221 | 27.99 {5.83} | 27.64 {5.37} | 0.593 |
| Diabetes | 61 (32.3) | 70 (31.0) | 0.859 | 50 (32.7) | 44 (28.8) | 0.536 |
| CKD | 45 (24.3) | 74 (32.9) | 0.073 | 44 (28.8) | 43 (28.1) | 1.000 |
| MAP (mmHg) | 66.00 [57.50, 75.00] |
69.00 [62.00, 78.00] |
0.017 | 66.00 [58.00, 76.00] |
68.00 [61.00, 77.00] |
0.12 |
| Heart rate (bpm) | 96.00 [82.00, 112.50] |
93.00 [78.00,105.00] |
0.136 | 97.00 [82.00, 111.00] |
93.00 [77.00, 104.00] |
0.178 |
| Lactate (mmol/L) | 6.11 [2.78,10.99] | 4.78 [1.72,10.1] |
0.014 | 6.05 [2.77,10.57] |
4.22 [1.44,10.19] |
0.258 |
| pH | 7.32 [7.25, 7.39] |
7.31 [7.23, 7.39] |
0.352 | 7.32 [7.25, 7.39] |
7.31 [7.22, 7.40] |
0.142 |
| VI score | 32.00 [13.00, 48.90] |
18.88 [8.00, 41.35] |
0.001 | 30.70 [13.00, 51.98] |
18.00 [7.61, 40.75] |
0.01 |
| RRT prior to tMCS | 21 (11.2) | 27 (11.7) | 1.000 | 20 (13.2) | 19 (12.5) | 0.982 |
| Cause of CS | ||||||
| AMICS | 34 (18.0) | 24 (10.3) | 0.034 | 21 (13.7) | 22 (14.4) | 1.000 |
| Acute-on-chronic CMP | 56 (29.6) | 90 (38.8) | 0.063 | 49 (32.0) | 51 (33.3) | 0.903 |
| PCCS | 80 (42.3) | 100 (43.1) | 0.951 | 69 (45.1) | 67 (43.8) | 0.912 |
| Other | 18 (10.1) | 18 (7.8) | 0.502 | 14 (9.2) | 13 (8.5) | 0.840 |
| Previous cardiac arrest | 71 (37.6) | 58 (25.0) | 0.007 | 48 (31.4) | 45 (29.4) | 0.731 |
| Duration of CPR (min) | 20.00 [10.00, 58.75] |
20.00 [10.00, 50.75] |
0.459 | 17.50 [10.00, 40.00] |
19.50 [10.50, 53.75] |
0.401 |
| eCPR | 30 (18.5) | 36 (20.9) | 0.667 | 21 (16.3) | 26 (23.4) | 0.22 |
| Mechanical aortic valve | 2 (1.2) | 0 (0) | 0.465 | 2 (1.5) | 0 (0.0) | 0.559 |
| Aortic arch stent | 1 (0.6) | 4 (2.3) | 0.385 | 1 (0.8) | 1 (0.9) | 1.000 |
| Free-floating LV thrombus | 0 (0) | 1 (0.6) | 1.000 | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.9) | 0.928 |
| MCS type | ||||||
| v-a ECLS | 139 (73.5) | 109 (47.0) | <0.001 | 109 (71.2) | 70 (45.8) | <0.001 |
| Impella | 26 (13.8) | 61 (26.3) | 0.002 | 20 (13.1) | 41 (26.8) | 0.004 |
| ECMELLA | 24 (12.7) | 62 (26.7) | 0.001 | 23 (15.0) | 42 (27.5) | 0.012 |
AMICS—acute myocardial infarction-associated cardiogenic shock; BMI—body mass index; CKD—chronic kidney disease; CMP—cardiomyopathy; CS—cardiogenic shock; eCPR—extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation; MAP—mean arterial pressure; PCCS—postcardiotomy syndrome cardiogenic shock; RRT—renal replacement therapy; tMCS—temporary mechanical circulatory support; v-a ECLS—venoarterial extracorporeal life support; VI score—vasoactive–inotropic score. Data are presented as number (%) or mean {SD}. Data followed by square brackets show the median with interquartile range. Grey highlighted fields indicate significantly differing results, assumed by a p-value < 0.05.