Table 5.
Changes in macronutrients and micronutrients and their distribution before and 3 months after intervention.
| Start | 3 Months | p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Carbohydrates (g) | 144.99 (45.68) | 182.21 (54.83) | <0.01 |
| Fiber(g) | 12.53 (4.76) | 17.39 (7.14) | <0.01 |
| Proteins (g) | 65.51 (21.01) | 70.42 (25.34) | <0.01 |
| Lipids (g) | 60.54 (21.41) | 68.70 (25.88) | 0.03 |
| SFA (g) | 17.39 (8.42) | 19.77 (9.51) | 0.12 |
| SFA (%TCV) | 10.37 (8.2–14) | 9.69 (7.16–12.48) | 0.26 |
| MUFA (g) | 23.86 (10.99) | 28.94 (12.51) | 0.01 |
| MUFA (%TCV) | 15.35 (12.38–18.45) | 14.28 (12.53–18.45) | 0.55 |
| PUFA(g) | 6.17 (4.22) | 8.44 (3.68) | <0.01 |
| PUFA (%TCV) | 3.39 (2.86–4.56) | 4.09 (3.61–5.42) | <0.01 |
| EPA (g) | 0.08 (0.14) | 0.22 (0,56) | 0.12 |
| DHA (g) | 0.13 (0.20) | 0.16 (0.22) | 0.52 |
| Cholesterol (mg) | 300.85 (157.75) | 301.71 (196.96) | 0.37 |
| Minerals | |||
| Phosphorus (mg) | 881.10 (338.67) | 1116.27 (423.28) | <0.01 |
| Magnesium (mg) | 151.65 (60.31) | 202.09 (79.43) | <0.01 |
| Calcium (mg) | 708.59 (327.23) | 982.12 (377.23) | <0.01 |
| Iron (mg) | 7.71 (3.09) | 10.28 (4.17) | <0.01 |
| Zinc (mg) | 6.64 (3.25) | 8.09 (3.66) | <0.01 |
| Sodium (mg) | 1569.35 (845.39) | 1742.61 (824.38) | 0.12 |
| Potassium (mg) | 1943.22 (687.02) | 2205.49 (824.09) | 0.04 |
| Iodine (mg) | 30.83 (25.16) | 60.63 (33.64) | <0.01 |
| Selenium (mg) | 35.39 (24.01) | 50.66 (27.62) | 0.01 |
| Copper (mg) | 0.77 (0.54) | 0.93 (0.49) | 0.08 |
| Vitamins | |||
| Vitamin A (IU) | 1152.26 (1263.39) | 1347.76 (973.54) | 0.40 |
| Vitamin B1 (mg) | 0.89 (0.46) | 1.04 (0.72) | 0.20 |
| Vitamin B2 (mg) | 1.19 (0.59) | 1.51 (0.69) | <0.01 |
| Niacin (mg) | 11.96 (6.85) | 13.84 (6.77) | 0.10 |
| Vitamin B5 (mg) | 0.14 (0.42) | 1.22 (1.00) | <0.01 |
| Vitamin B6 (mg) | 1.17 (0.61) | 1.43 (0.68) | 0.01 |
| Folic Acid (mg) | 138.75 (75.32) | 174.29 (88.33) | 0.01 |
| Vitamin B12 (mg) | 5.54 (7.88) | 5.26 (4.50) | 0.83 |
| Vitamin C (mg) | 96.55 (67.59) | 109.29 (71.45) | 0.33 |
| Vitamin D (mg) | 4.02 (6.41) | 4.96 (5.57) | 0.40 |
| Vitamin E (mg) | 5.77 (3.33) | 7.62 (3.89) | <0.01 |
| Vitamin K (mg) | 1.52 (5.97) | 16.93 (15.81) | <0.01 |
SFA: Saturated Fatty Acids; MUFA: Monounsaturated Fatty acids; PUFA: Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids; EPA: eicosapentaenoic acid; DHA: docasahexaenoic acid; %TCV: percentage total caloric value.