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. 2022 Oct 26;12(11):1028. doi: 10.3390/metabo12111028

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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6-Shogaol alleviated PA-induced intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction in Caco-2 cells: (A) Changes in transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) during Caco-2 cell modeling; (B) FD-4 flux changes during Caco-2 cell modeling; (C) Effects of 6-shogaol on TEER in PA-treated Caco-2 monolayers; (D) Effects of 6-shogaol on the permeability of PA-treated Caco-2 monolayers. Data are given as means ± standard deviations (n = 3). * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 vs. the control; ^## p < 0.01, ^### p < 0.001 vs. the PA-treated group.