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. 2022 Oct 26;12(11):1028. doi: 10.3390/metabo12111028

Figure 3.

Figure 3

6-Shogaol attenuated PA-induced tight junction (TJ) dysfunction in Caco-2 cells: (A) Claudin-1 mRNA; (B) Occludin mRNA; (C) Zonula Occluden-1 (ZO-1) mRNA; (D) Representative immunoblotting of TJ-associated proteins; (E) Claudin-1 protein; (F) Occludin protein; (G) ZO-1 protein; (H) Immunofluorescence staining showing the distribution and expression of TJ-associated proteins in Caco-2 cells treated with 6-shogaol and/or PA (magnification 200×). Claudin-1, occludin, and ZO-1 proteins (green) were labeled with fluorescent secondary antibodies, and the nuclei (blue) were labeled with 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI); (I) Quantification of the Claudin-1 fluorescence intensity; (J) Quantification of the Occludin fluorescence intensity; (K) Quantification of the ZO-1 fluorescence intensity. Data are derived from three independent experiments and given as means ± standard deviations (n = 3). * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 vs. the control; # p < 0.05, ## p < 0.01, ### p < 0.001 vs. the PA-treated group.