Table 1.

Oral organisms associated with oral cancer.

Subject	Organisms (Oral Bacteria)	Sample Type	Reference
47 OSCC patients and 48 healthy individuals as controls.	The proportions of Actinobacteria, Fusobacterium, Moraxella, Bacillus, and Veillonella species were higher in the disease group than they were in the control group.	saliva, subgingival plaque, the tumor surface, tumor tissue samples	[55]
60 OSCC patients and 120 gender and age-matched controls.	The proportions of Prevotella oris, Neisseria flava, Neisseria flavescens/subflava, F. nucleatum, Aggregatibacter segnis, Streptococcus mitis, and Fusobacterium periodontium were higher in the disease group than they were in the control group.	fresh OSCC biopsies samples	[56]
48 OSCC patients and 46 controls.	The proportions of Prevotella, Campylobacter, Capnocytophaga, Solobacteria, Peptostreptococcus, and Catonella were higher in the disease group than they were in the control group.	whole mouth fluid (WMF) and swab samples	[53]
Oral cancer patients (n = 50) and healthy subjects (n = 50).	The proportions of Staphylococcus and Rothia were higher in the disease group than they were in the control group.	swab samples	[54]
25 patients with OSCC and 24 healthy controls were recruited from Dr. B. Borooah Cancer Institute (BBCI), Guwahati, Assam, India.	The proportions of P. melaninogenica, Streptococcus anginosus, Veillonella parvula, Prevotella pallens, Porphyromonas endodontalis, Prevotella nanceiensis, Dialister sp., Campylobacter ureolyticus, Fusobacterium sp., P. nigrescens, Neisseria bacilliformis, and Peptostreptococcus anaerobius were higher in the disease group than they were in the control group.	samples of the whole saliva	[57]
Patients presenting with OLK (n = 36, average age: 60.6).	The proportions of Fusobacterium, Leptotrichia, Campylobacter, and Rothia were higher in the disease group than they were in the control group.	swabs	[51]
43 oral lichen planus patients and 21 mucosal healthy volunteers.	The proportions of Fusobacterium, Leptotrichia, and Lautropia were higher in the disease group than they were in the control group.	buccal scraping samples	[52]