Table 2.

Crude and adjusted hazard ratios of osteoporosis for renal stones by subgroup according age, sex, income, and region.

Independent Variables	IR per 1000 Person-Year	IRD per 1000 Person-Years (95% CI)	Hazard Ratios for Renal Stone (95% Confidence Interval)
			Crude †	p Value	Adjusted †,‡	p Value
Total participants (n = 135,622)
Osteoporosis	3.2	0.70 (0.52 to 0.88)	1.30 (1.22 to 1.39)	<0.001 *	1.36 (1.28 to 1.45)	<0.001 *
Control	2.5		1		1
Age < 60 (n =66,794)
Osteoporosis	3.7	0.93 (0.68 to 1.19)	1.34 (1.24 to 1.46)	<0.001 *	1.41 (1.29 to 1.53)	<0.001 *
Control	2.7		1		1
Age ≥ 60 (n = 68,828)
Osteoporosis	2.3	−0.46 (−0.70 to −0.21)	1.24 (1.12 to 1.37)	<0.001 *	1.30 (1.17 to 1.44)	<0.001 *
Control	2.7		1		1
Men (n = 24,612)
Osteoporosis	4.0	0.54 (−0.04 to 1.12)	1.17 (1.00 to 1.37)	0.044 *	1.37 (1.15 to 1.64)	0.001 *
Control	3.4		1		1
Women (n = 111,010)
Osteoporosis	3.1	0.72 (0.53 to 0.91)	1.33 (1.24 to 1.42)	<0.001 *	1.36 (1.27 to 1.46)	<0.001 *
Control	2.4		1		1
Low income (n = 68,368)
Osteoporosis	3.1	0.77 (0.52 to 1.01)	1.35 (1.24 to 1.48)	<0.001 *	1.38 (1.26 to 1.51)	<0.001 *
Control	2.4		1		1
High income (n = 67,254)
Osteoporosis	3.3	0.63 (0.37 to 0.89)	1.25 (1.15 to 1.37)	<0.001 *	1.29 (1.18 to 1.41)	<0.001 *
Control	2.7		1		1
Urban residents (n = 57,152)
Osteoporosis	3.2	0.67 (0.40 to 0.94)	1.33 (1.24 to 1.42)	<0.001 *	1.31 (1.19 to 1.44)	<0.001 *
Control	2.5		1		1
Rural residents (n = 78,470)
Osteoporosis	0.1	−0.18 (−0.23 to −0.12)	1.28 (1.16 to 1.41)	<0.001 *	1.35 (1.24 to 1.47)	<0.001 *
Control	0.2		1		1

Abbreviations; IR, incidence rate; IRD, incidence rate difference; * Stratified Cox proportional hazard regression model, Significance at p < 0.05; † Models were stratified by age, sex, income, and region of residence. ‡ The model was adjusted for obesity, smoking, alcohol consumption, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, and CCI scores.