Table 3.
General Characteristics of Participants.
| Characteristics | Total Participants | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Renal Stone (n, %) |
Control (n, %) |
Standardized Difference |
|
| Total number | 25,261 (100.0) | 101,044 (100.0) | |
| Age (years old) | 0.00 | ||
| 40–44 | 1162 (4.6) | 4648 (4.6) | |
| 45–49 | 3498 (13.9) | 13,992 (13.9) | |
| 50–54 | 5134 (20.3) | 20,536 (20.3) | |
| 55–59 | 5557 (22.0) | 22,228 (22.0) | |
| 60–64 | 4289 (17.0) | 17,156 (17.0) | |
| 65–69 | 2738 (10.8) | 10,952 (10.8) | |
| 70–74 | 1651 (6.5) | 6604 (6.5) | |
| 75–79 | 857 (3.4) | 3428 (3.4) | |
| 80–84 | 289 (1.1) | 1156 (1.1) | |
| 85+ | 86 (0.3) | 344 (0.3) | |
| Sex | 0.00 | ||
| Male | 18,200 (72.1) | 72,800 (72.1) | |
| Female | 7061 (28.0) | 28,244 (28.0) | |
| Income | 0.00 | ||
| 1 (lowest) | 3428 (13.6) | 13,712 (13.6) | |
| 2 | 2950 (11.7) | 11,800 (11.7) | |
| 3 | 3916 (15.5) | 15,664 (15.5) | |
| 4 | 5528 (21.9) | 22,112 (21.9) | |
| 5 (highest) | 9439 (37.4) | 37,756 (37.4) | |
| Region of residence | 0.00 | ||
| Urban | 11,219 (44.4) | 44,876 (44.4) | |
| Rural | 14,042 (55.6) | 56,168 (55.6) | |
| Obesity † | 0.18 | ||
| Underweight | 309 (1.2) | 2063 (2.0) | |
| Normal | 6969 (27.6) | 34,846 (34.5) | |
| Overweight | 7322 (29.0) | 28,527 (28.2) | |
| Obese I | 9729 (38.5) | 32,905 (32.6) | |
| Obese II | 932 (3.7) | 2703 (2.7) | |
| Smoking status | 0.14 | ||
| Nonsmoker | 15,012 (59.4) | 67,025 (66.3) | |
| Past smoker | 4800 (19.0) | 16,222 (16.1) | |
| Current smoker | 5449 (21.6) | 17,797 (17.6) | |
| Alcohol consumption | 0.07 | ||
| <1 time a week | 15,185 (60.1) | 64,127 (63.5) | |
| ≥1 time a week | 10,076 (39.9) | 36,917 (36.5) | |
| Systolic blood pressure | 0.02 | ||
| <120 mmHg | 7180 (28.4) | 30,437 (30.1) | |
| 120–139 mmHg | 13,006 (51.5) | 50,408 (49.9) | |
| ≥140 mmHg | 5075 (20.1) | 20,199 (20.0) | |
| Diastolic blood pressure | 0.03 | ||
| <80 mmHg | 10,932 (43.3) | 45,395 (44.9) | |
| 80–89 mmHg | 9652 (38.2) | 37,229 (36.8) | |
| ≥90 mmHg | 4677 (18.5) | 18,420 (18.2) | |
| Fasting blood glucose | 0.04 | ||
| <100 mg/dL | 14,854 (58.8) | 61,919 (61.3) | |
| 100–125 mg/dL | 7698 (30.5) | 29,732 (29.4) | |
| ≥126 mg/dL | 2709 (10.7) | 9393 (9.3) | |
| Total cholesterol | 0.04 | ||
| <200 mg/dL | 13,284 (52.6) | 55,208 (54.6) | |
| 200–239 mg/dL | 8454 (33.5) | 33,059 (32.7) | |
| ≥240 mg/dL | 3523 (14.0) | 12,777 (12.6) | |
| CCI score | 0.15 | ||
| 0 | 15,210 (60.2) | 67,732 (67.0) | |
| 1 | 4452 (17.6) | 14,943 (14.8) | |
| ≥2 | 5599 (22.2) | 18,369 (18.2) | |
| Osteoporosis | 2319 (9.2) | 7658 (7.6) | 0.06 |
Abbreviation: CCI, Charlson comorbidity index; † Obesity (BMI, body mass index, kg/m2) was categorized as <18.5 (underweight), ≥18.5 to <23 (normal), ≥23 to <25 (overweight), ≥25 to <30 (obese I), and ≥30 (obese II).