Table 1.
Summary statistics of meta-sample.
| Income Elasticities | Food-Income Elasticities | Calorie-Income Elasticities | Nutrient-Income Elasticities | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number | Mean | Std. Dev. | Number | Mean | Std. Dev. | Number | Mean | Std. Dev. | |
| Total | 1537 | 0.690 | 0.685 | 147 | 0.212 | 0.325 | 153 | 0.298 | 0.315 |
| Published features | |||||||||
| English | 385 | 0.724 | 0.362 | 70 | 0.187 | 0.284 | 69 | 0.249 | 0.290 |
| Chinese | 1152 | 0.678 | 0.766 | 77 | 0.233 | 0.367 | 84 | 0.342 | 0.345 |
| Journal | 1291 | 0.695 | 0.703 | 105 | 0.203 | 0.342 | 107 | 0.333 | 0.334 |
| Other | 246 | 0.662 | 0.593 | 42 | 0.288 | 0.293 | 46 | 0.281 | 0.304 |
| Area | |||||||||
| Rural | 676 | 0.755 | 0.579 | 49 | 0.242 | 0.267 | 46 | 0.225 | 0.184 |
| Urban/Nation | 861 | 0.560 | 0.615 | 56 | 0.144 | 0.377 | 61 | 0.317 | 0.340 |
| Data | |||||||||
| Macro-aggregate | 553 | 0.722 | 0.804 | 63 | 0.178 | 0.269 | 61 | 0.270 | 0.229 |
| Micro-survey | 984 | 0.654 | 0.568 | 84 | 0.265 | 0.368 | 92 | 0.350 | 0.371 |
| Panel | 953 | 0.439 | 0.672 | 70 | 0.137 | 0.181 | 77 | 0.166 | 0.165 |
| Time series | 96 | 0.567 | 0.447 | 17 | 0.206 | 0.104 | 23 | 0.244 | 0.029 |
| Other data | 488 | 0.680 | 0.491 | 60 | 0.324 | 0.351 | 54 | 0.526 | 0.193 |
| Income measure | |||||||||
| Expenditure | 615 | 0.924 | 0.376 | 28 | 0.194 | 0.149 | 23 | 0.386 | 0.384 |
| Income | 922 | 0.531 | 0.796 | 119 | 0.216 | 0.350 | 130 | 0.288 | 0.318 |
| Type of estimator | |||||||||
| FE/RE | 104 | 0.878 | 0.744 | 14 | 0.100 | 0.001 | 23 | 0.042 | 0.030 |
| IV/GMM | 64 | 0.923 | 0.087 | 28 | 0.527 | 0.215 | 31 | 0.467 | 0.257 |
| LS | 973 | 0.493 | 0.608 | 84 | 0.113 | 0.280 | 84 | 0.205 | 0.275 |
| MLE | 64 | 0.937 | 0.221 | 7 | 0.985 | n/a | 8 | 0.903 | n/a |
| SUR | 332 | 0.908 | 0.488 | ||||||
| Type of model | |||||||||
| Demand system | 1351 | 0.777 | 0.659 | 70 | 0.280 | 0.362 | 77 | 0.387 | 0.392 |
| Single equation | 186 | 0.059 | 0.544 | 77 | 0.157 | 0.297 | 77 | 0.249 | 0.219 |
| Type of budget | |||||||||
| Multi | 264 | 0.540 | 0.686 | 28 | 0.346 | 0.379 | 23 | 0.601 | 0.544 |
| Single | 1273 | 0.721 | 0.685 | 119 | 0.179 | 0.314 | 130 | 0.263 | 0.283 |
| Model_rank 3 | 326 | 1.062 | 0.482 | n/a | n/a | 8 | 0.114 | 0.000 | |
| Model_rank 2 | 1025 | 0.590 | 0.699 | 147 | 0.227 | 0.325 | 145 | 0.317 | 0.321 |
| Type of food | |||||||||
| Staple food | 242 | 0.146 | 0.807 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Vegetables and fruit | 245 | 0.434 | 1.096 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Meat | 270 | 0.865 | 1.099 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Oil and fat | 151 | 0.492 | 0.673 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Aquatic products | 215 | 1.066 | 1.078 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Eggs | 220 | 0.744 | 1.894 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Dairy | 91 | 1.084 | 0.613 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Other food | 105 | 1.102 | 0.759 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Type of nutrients | |||||||||
| Protein | - | - | - | - | - | - | 20 | 0.303 | 0.296 |
| Fat | - | - | - | - | - | - | 16 | 0.324 | 0.326 |
| Vitamin | - | - | - | - | - | - | 8 | 0.304 | 0.235 |
| Minerals | - | - | - | - | - | - | 6 | 0.248 | 0.426 |
Note: n/a: not applicable. Std. Dev.: Standard Deviation. FE/RE: Fixed Effects/Random Effects. IV/GMM: Instrumental variables estimation/Generalized Methods of Moments. LS: Least Squares. MLE: Maximum Likelihood Estimate. SUR: Quasi-Unrelated Regression.