Table 3.
Each natural compound for improving hair loss.
| Category | Chemical Name (Active Material) |
Cell or Animal Type | Working Concentration | Molecular Targets | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Flavonoid | Alpinetin | C57BL/6 J mice | 3 mg/mL | ↑ Lgr5+ HFSCs ↑ Wnt/β-catenin ↑ K15+, Lef1+, Gli1+ ↓ caspase-3 |
[76] |
| Flavone glycoside | Baicalin | Balb/c-nu mice transplanted with skin cells of C57BL/6 mice Human DPCs C57BL/6 mice |
50 μM or 100 μM GL-baicalin micelle (each 5 mg/ 1 mg) |
↑ Wnt/β-catenin ↑ Wnt3a ↑ Frizzled 7, ↑ Lef1, ALP, VEGF |
[77,78,79] |
| Chalcone | 3-Deoxysappan chalcone (3-DSC) | Human DPCs C57BL/6 mice |
0.1–10 μM 3 mM |
↑ Wnt/β-catenin ↑ VEGF, FGF |
[80] |
| Flavanol | Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) | Human DPCs ORS cells 44 patients with AGA |
0.25–4 μM Lotion containing EGCG for 24 weeks (twice daily). |
↑ ERK, Akt ↑ Bcl-2/Bax ratio ↑ median anagen-to-telogen ratio |
[81,82,83] |
| Flavonol | Fisetin | C57BL/6 mice | 0.1% | ↑ Wnt/β-catenin ↑ KGF |
[84,85] |
| Flavone (Quercetin O-glycoside) |
Quercitrin | Human DPCs Cultured hair follicles |
0.1–100 nM, 1–10 μM |
↑ NAD(P)H, ΔΨ ↑ Bcl-2 ↑ Akt, ERK, CREB ↑ FGF, KGF, VEGF |
[86] |
| Tannin | 3,4,5-tri-O-caffeoyl quinic acid (TCQA) | Human DPCs C3H mice |
10 μM 1% |
↑ Wnt/β-catenin ↑ ALP |
[87] |
| Stilbenoid | Resveratrol | C57BL/6 mice | 0.1% | ↑ Wnt/β-catenin KGF |
[84,88] |
| Flavonoid | Silibinin | 3D spheroid derived from Human DPCs | 10 μM | ↑ Wnt5 ↑ ALP, Akt ↑ FGF7 |
[89] |
| Flavonoid derivative of rutin | Troxerutin | Human DPCs | 10 μM | ↑ Wnt/β-catenin | [90] |
| Monoterpenoid hydroxyl lactone | Loliolide | Human DPCs spheroid | 20 μg/mL | ↑ β-catenin ↑ VEGF, IGF, KGF ↑ Akt, ALP |
[91] |
| Sesquiterpene lactone | Costunolide | Human DPCs C57BL/6 mice |
0.1–3 μM | ↑ Wnt/β-catenin ↑ Gli1 ↓ 5α-reductase, TGF- β |
[92] |
| Pentacyclic triterpenoid | Oleanolic acid | Human hair follicle organ culture | 1 or 10 μg/mL | ↑ Wnt/β-catenin | [93] |
| Vitamine E analog | Tocotrienol | C57BL/6 mice | 5 mg/cm2 | ↑ β-catenin ↓ E-cadherin |
[94] |
| Organic weak acid | Valproic acid | Human DPCs, ORS C57BL/6, C3H mice 40 patients with AGA |
0.1 mM–700 mM A tonic spray containing 8.3% sodium valproate for 24 weeks |
↑ Wnt/β-catenin ↑ ALP ↑ The mean change in total hair count |
[95,96,97] |
| Lignan | Honokiol | C57BL/6N mice | 20 mg/mL | ↑ Wnt3a/β-catenin ↓ TGF-β |
[98] |
| bromophenol | 5-bromo-3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde (BDB) | Human DPCS | 0.01, 0.1, 1 μM | ↑ Wnt/β-catenin ↑ Atg5, Atg7, Atg16L, ↑ LC3II ↓ TGF-β |
[99,100] |
| Cinnamic acid derivative | Sinapic acid | Human DPCs | 10, 50, 100 μM | ↑ Wnt/β-catenin ↑ VEGF, IFG-1 ↑ Akt, ERK |
[101] |
| Omega-5 fatty acid | Myristoleic acid | Human DPCs | 1, 5 μM | ↑ Wnt/β-catenin ↑ Cyclin A, Cdc2, ↑ Cyclin B1 ↑ ERK, Akt |
[102] |
| Iridoid glycoside | Morroniside | ORS cells C57BL/6 mice |
1 or 10 μM 100 μM |
↑ Wnt10b/β-catenin ↑ Lef1 |
[103] |
Glycyrrhizin-baicalin micelle (GL-baicalin micelle), 5-bromo-3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde (BDB), “↑” increased; “↓” decreased.