COVID-19	coronavirus disease 2019
SARS-CoV-2	severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
HAP	hospital-acquired pneumonia
VAP	ventilator-associated pneumonia
ICU	intensive care unit
RT-PCR	real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction
VGHTPE	Taipei Veterans General Hospital
HIV	human immunodeficiency virus
IRB	Institutional Review Board
MV	mechanical ventilation
ECMO	extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
mg	milligrams
SOFA score	sequential organ failure assessment score
ELISA	enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
DNA	deoxyribonucleic acid
IQRs	interquartile ranges
ORs	odds ratios
CI	confidence interval
LDH	lactate dehydrogenase
ARDS	acute respiratory distress syndrome