Table 1.
Physicochemical parameters of tap water, deionized water, distilled water, filtered water, and saline solution, before and after activation by plasma for 1.0, 5.0, 30.0, and 60.0 min.
| Sample | Plasma Exposure Time (min) | pH (±0.2) |
ORP (±5.0 mV) |
TDS (±5.0 ppm) |
σ (±5 μS/cm) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PAW-TAP | 0.0 | 6.60 | 19 | 40 | 50 |
| 1.0 | 5.56 | 83 | 50 | 70 | |
| 5.0 | 3.55 | 193 | 160 | 220 | |
| 30.0 | 3.06 | 221 | 330 | 470 | |
| 60.0 | 2.57 | 250 | 720 | 720 | |
| PAW-DI | 0.0 | 5.10 | 106 | 10 | 10 |
| 1.0 | 4.00 | 169 | 40 | 50 | |
| 5.0 | 3.30 | 208 | 170 | 240 | |
| 30.0 | 2.95 | 228 | 450 | 310 | |
| 60.0 | 2.47 | 239 | 560 | 800 | |
| PAW-DIS | 0.0 | 6.10 | 55 | 10 | 10 |
| 1.0 | 4.02 | 168 | 60 | 80 | |
| 5.0 | 3.41 | 202 | 130 | 190 | |
| 30.0 | 2.94 | 228 | 660 | 950 | |
| 60.0 | 2.42 | 243 | 810 | 1160 | |
| PAW-FIL | 0.0 | 6.90 | 6 | 70 | 110 |
| 1.0 | 4.94 | 60 | 80 | 115 | |
| 5.0 | 3.50 | 198 | 140 | 200 | |
| 30.0 | 3.00 | 225 | 340 | 500 | |
| 60.0 | 2.62 | 238 | 630 | 900 | |
| PAW-SAL | 0.0 | 7.20 | 7 | 9320 | 13,420 |
| 1.0 | 3.70 | 188 | 9930 | 14,120 | |
| 5.0 | 3.50 | 210 | 10,180 | 14,630 | |
| 30.0 | 2.79 | 237 | 12,900 | 18,460 | |
| 60.0 | 2.52 | 253 | 17,400 | >20,000 |
Abbreviations: ORP, oxidation–reduction potential; TDS, total dissolved solids.