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. 2022 Nov 3;12(11):1838. doi: 10.3390/jpm12111838

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Differential lipids for sepsis patients (n = 30) before and after surgery. Volcano plot of sepsis (n = 30) (A) and nonsepsis patients (n = 30) (B). The x-axis is the mean ratio fold-change (plotted with a log 2 scale) of the relative abundance of each feature between the patients after and before surgery. The y-axis represents the adjusted p value (FDR) of the ratio fold-change for each feature. An UpSet diagram shows differentially expressed identifications that are unique or shared among four comparison groups (C). Pathway enrichment analysis of differentially expressed lipids is presented in the bubble chart (D). The y-axis corresponds to KEGG pathway items, and the x-axis represents the enrichment factor. The color of the dot represents FDR, and a lower FDR indicates more significant enrichment. The point size represents the number of differentially expressed lipids that are mapped to the reference pathways. The rich factor refers to the level of enrichment, which is the ratio of the differentially expressed lipids annotated in this pathway to all lipids annotated in this pathway item. A greater enrichment factor indicates a more significant enrichment.