COVID-19 |
Coronavirus disease |
PF |
Pulmonary fibrosis |
FDA |
U.S. Food and Drug Administration |
Pir |
Pirfenidone |
Nin |
Nintedanib |
TRF |
Tocotrienol-rich fractions |
Carotene |
Natural Mixed-Carotene Complex 20% Oil Concentrate |
TGF-β1 |
Transforming growth factor beta 1 |
IL-6 |
Interleukin-6 |
MPO |
Myeloperoxidase |
IL-1β |
Interleukin-1β |
TNFα |
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha |
CAT |
Catalase |
MDA |
Malondialdehyde |
GSH |
Glutathione |
NO |
Nitric oxide |
SOD |
Superoxide dismutase |
HE |
Hematoxylin-eosin |
PBS |
Phosphate-buffered saline |
SA/HRP |
Streptomyces ovalbumin working solution |
DAB |
Diaminobenzidine |
WB |
Western blot |
ECL |
Enhanced chemiluminescence |
PI3K |
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase |
AKT |
Protein kinase B, PKB |
mTOR |
Mammalian target of rapamycin |
IFN-γ |
Interferonγ |
IL-13 |
Interleukin-13 |
IkBα |
NF-kappa-B inhibitor alpha |
Ikkβ |
Inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase |
ECM |
Excessive deposition of extracellular matrix |