| COVID-19 | Coronavirus disease |
| PF | Pulmonary fibrosis |
| FDA | U.S. Food and Drug Administration |
| Pir | Pirfenidone |
| Nin | Nintedanib |
| TRF | Tocotrienol-rich fractions |
| Carotene | Natural Mixed-Carotene Complex 20% Oil Concentrate |
| TGF-β1 | Transforming growth factor beta 1 |
| IL-6 | Interleukin-6 |
| MPO | Myeloperoxidase |
| IL-1β | Interleukin-1β |
| TNFα | Tumor necrosis factor-alpha |
| CAT | Catalase |
| MDA | Malondialdehyde |
| GSH | Glutathione |
| NO | Nitric oxide |
| SOD | Superoxide dismutase |
| HE | Hematoxylin-eosin |
| PBS | Phosphate-buffered saline |
| SA/HRP | Streptomyces ovalbumin working solution |
| DAB | Diaminobenzidine |
| WB | Western blot |
| ECL | Enhanced chemiluminescence |
| PI3K | Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase |
| AKT | Protein kinase B, PKB |
| mTOR | Mammalian target of rapamycin |
| IFN-γ | Interferonγ |
| IL-13 | Interleukin-13 |
| IkBα | NF-kappa-B inhibitor alpha |
| Ikkβ | Inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase |
| ECM | Excessive deposition of extracellular matrix |