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. 2022 Nov 18;20(11):725. doi: 10.3390/md20110725

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Gut microbiota diversity. (A) Relative abundance of the cecal microbiota on the phylum level and mean abundance of marker species in each group. The p values are based on Welch’s t test. (B) Relative abundance of the cecal microbiota on the genus level and mean abundance of marker species in each group. The p values are based on Welch’s t test. (C) The α-diversity analysis and Shannon diversity index. The p values are based on Kruskal–Wallis. (D) Effects of NAOs on β-diversity of intestinal microbes. PCoA and NMDS score plots based on Bray (OTU) (p < 0.0001).

Gut microbiota diversity. (A) Relative abundance of the cecal microbiota on the phylum level and mean abundance of marker species in each group. The p values are based on Welch’s t test. (B) Relative abundance of the cecal microbiota on the genus level and mean abundance of marker species in each group. The p values are based on Welch’s t test. (C) The α-diversity analysis and Shannon diversity index. The p values are based on Kruskal–Wallis. (D) Effects of NAOs on β-diversity of intestinal microbes. PCoA and NMDS score plots based on Bray (OTU) (p < 0.0001).