Table 1.
Studies evaluating the rate and determinants of spontaneous cardioversion of atrial fibrillation.
| Study, Year | Study Design, Intervention | Setting, Observation Time | Patient Included | SCV Rate % | Main Determinant(s) of SCV |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Galve et al., 1996 [88] | IV Amiodaron VS Placabeo | ED/hospitalized, 24 h observation | Recent onset AF (<7 days) | 24/62 (39%) | HF, Left atrial size |
| Boriani et al., 1997 [89] | Oral propafenone Vs Placebo | ED/Hospitalized, 8 h observation | Recent onset AF (<7 days) | 45/121 (37%) | HF |
| Danias et al., 1998 [93] | Prospective | ED/hospitalized, observation 4.6 days | Recent onset AF < 72 h | 242/356 (68%) | atrial fibrillation of 24 h duration at presentation |
| Cotter et al., 1999 [90] | IV Amiodaron VS Placabeo | ED/hospitalized, 24 h observation | Paroxysmal AF < 48 h and at least one previous episode of paroxysmal AF | 32/50 (64%) | HF, left atrial size |
| Dell’orfano et al., 1999 [94] | Retrospective | ED < 48 h observation | Primary diagnosis of AF by 12 lead ECG or single channel | 57/114 (50%) | Duration of AF |
| Mattioli et al. (2000) [99] | Prospective | ED 48 h observation | Consecutive with recent onset AF (<6 h) | 108/140 (77%) | AF developed during sleep, ANP |
| Geleris et al., 2001 [92] | Prospective | ED 24 h observation | Consecutive patients with recents onset AF (<24 h) | 109/153 (71%) | Left Atrial Size |
| Perrea et al., 2011 [97] | Retrospective study, SCV, Amiodaron | ED no observation time | AF at the time of presentation (<48 h) | 28/141 (20%) | Heart rate, Blood Pressure, number of past episodes of AF |
| Lindberg et al., 2012 [91] | Retrospective | ED < 48 h observation | Consecutive patients admitted to hospital with first onset AF | 203/374 (54%) | HF, Duration of AF |
| Choudary et al., 2013 [95] | Retrospective | ED SCV < 18 h after | Patients with Paroxysmal AF < 48 h | 48/148 (32%) | Atrial Fibrillatory rate |
| Niederdöckl et al., 2020 [102] | Retrospective | ED atrial fibrillation confirmed by 12-lead electrocardiography. | First detected or recurrent hemodynamically stable non-permanent symptomatic atrial fibrillation |
186/2426 (13%) | Resinus score (duration of af symptoms < 24 h, no previous electrical cv, heart rate > 125 bpm, potassium replacement at k+ level < 3.9 mmol/L, nt-probnp < 1300 pg/mL, ldh < 200 u/i |
| Pluymaekers et al., 2021 [101] | prospective | ED, 3 h | first detected hemodynamically stable non-permanent symptomatic AF |
158/943 (16.8%) | duration of AF < 24 h, left atrial volume index (lavi) < 42 mL, symptoms of near-collapse at presentation, a lower BMI, a longer qtc time during AF, and first-detected AF |
AF: Atrial fibrillation; ANP: Atrial Natriuretic Peptide; ECG: electrocardiogram; ED: Emergency Department; HF: Heart Failure; IV: Intra-venous; SCV: Spontaneous cardioversion.