Table 4.
Dose–response effect of cumulative exposure to disadvantages/adversities
| N. of disadvantages/adversities (% cases v. % controls) | OR (95% CI) | ORA (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|
| 0 (2.6% v. 11.7%) | 1.00 (–) | 1.00 (–) |
| 1 (6.4% v. 21.1%) | 1.36 (0.433–4.25) (p = 0.601) | 1.21 (0.308–4.72) (p = 0.788) |
| 2 (13.1% v. 17.9%) | 3.29 (1.12–9.72) (p = 0.031) | 2.28 (0.578–9.03) (p = 0.239) |
| 3 (14.0% v. 15.7%) | 3.99 (1.37–11.65) (p = 0.011) | 2.92 (0.701–12.16) (p = 0.141) |
| 4 (18.7% v. 15.5%) | 5.50 (1.85–16.40) (p = 0.002) | 5.94 (1.19–29.42) (p = 0.029) |
| 5 (21.7% v. 9.9%) | 9.97 (3.22–30.26) (p < 0.001) | 9.24 (1.73–49.47) (p = 0.01) |
| ⩾6 (23.5% v. 8.2%) | 14.05 (3.86–51.08) (p < 0.001) | 14.09 (2.06–96.47) (p = 0.007) |
ORA = adjusted for site, age, gender, ethnicity, education, family history of psychosis, childhood trauma, cannabis use, fluency, years after migration, and achievements/expectations mismatch.
ORs in bold are significant (p < 0.05).