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. 2022 Nov 15;13(11):986–1000. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v13.i11.986

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©The Author(s) 2022. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.

This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial.

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Logistic regression analysis of proliferative diabetic retinopathy-related risk factors. Female sex, diabetes duration ≥ 10 years, and chronic kidney disease stage G3 or G4 are risk factors for the progression to proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Values are shown using a base 10, logarithmic scale. Abbreviations: PDR: Proliferative diabetic retinopathy; NPDR: Non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy; OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval; CKD: Chronic kidney disease.