Table 2.
The place of lipid formulations of amphotericin B in the treatment of patients with Candida, Aspergillus and Mucorales infections
| Title | Ref | Place of lipid formulations of AMB | Additional comment |
|---|---|---|---|
| A research agenda on the management of intra-abdominal candidiasis: results from a consensus of multinational experts | 62 | Empirical antifungal treatment with echinocandins or lipid formulations of AMB should be strongly considered in patients with previous exposure to azoles. | |
| ESCMID guideline for the diagnosis and management of Candida diseases 2012: non-neutropenic adult patients | 65 | If catheters cannot be removed, lipid-based AMB or echinocandins should be preferred over azoles. Native valve endocarditis and ocular candidiasis require liposomal AMB ± flucytosine when the susceptibility of the isolate is unknown. | |
| Diagnosis and therapy of Candida infections: joint recommendations of the German Speaking Mycological Society and the Paul-Ehrlich-Society for Chemotherapy | 100 | Liposomal AMB as a secondary alternative. | |
| Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Candidiasis: 2016 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America | 101 | Lipid formulation of AMB is a reasonable alternative to echinocandins in patients without neutropenia in cases of intolerance or resistance. Lipid formulation of AMB is an effective but less attractive alternative in patients with neutropenia. |
Strong recommendation; high-quality evidence. Strong recommendation; moderate-quality evidence. |
| Diagnosis and management of Aspergillus diseases: executive summary of the 2017 ESCMID-ECMM-ERS guideline | 21 | Liposomal AMB is recommended for species with intrinsic high azole MICs (2 mg/mL) or when the mould-active azoles voriconazole and/or isavuconazole cannot be given/are not tolerated. | Strength of recommendation: A |
| Practice Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Aspergillosis: 2016 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America | 11 | Lipid formulations of AMB should be considered in settings in which azoles are contraindicated or not tolerated. | Strong recommendation; moderate-quality evidence. |
| Global guideline for the diagnosis and management of mucormycosis: an initiative of the European Confederation of Medical Mycology in cooperation with the Mycoses Study Group Education and Research Consortium | 10 | First-line treatment with high-dose liposomal AMB is strongly recommended. Isavuconazole and posaconazole are recommended with moderate strength. |
Consensus recommendations. |
AMB, amphotericin B.