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. 2022 Oct 25;13(11):1819. doi: 10.3390/mi13111819

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Illustration of Rayleigh and Raman (Stokes and anti-Stokes) scattering. In this figure, $ϑ$ represents the wave frequency and $h$ is the Planck constant. Subscript 0 refers to the incident photon.