Table 2.
Characteristics of 15- to 49-year-old women with a physical, sensory, intellectual/developmental, or multiple disabilities, and those without a disability, who had a singleton livebirth in Ontario, Canada, 2003–2018 (N, %).
| Variablea | Physical disability only (N=144,187) |
Sensory disability only (N=44,988) |
Intellectual/developmental disability only (N=2,207) |
Multiple disabilities (N=8,823) |
No disability (N=1,593,354) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | |||||
| 15–19 | 6,132 (4.3) | 2,880 (6.4)a | 361 (16.4)a | 524 (5.9) | 66,945 (4.2) |
| 20–24 | 19,700 (13.7) | 7,616 (16.9)a | 639 (29.0)a | 1,642 (18.6) | 214,688 (13.5) |
| 25–29 | 40,940 (28.4) | 12,796 (28.4) | 540 (24.5)a | 2,447 (27.7) | 479,076 (30.1) |
| 30–34 | 48,117 (33.4) | 13,205 (29.4)a | 399 (18.1)a | 2,457 (27.8) | 545,561 (34.2) |
| 35–39 | 24,157 (16.8) | 6,917 (15.4) | 212 (9.6)a | 1,392 (15.8) | 244,470 (15.3) |
| 40–44 | 4,876 (3.4) | 1,471 (3.3) | 50–55* | 340 (3.9) | 40,807 (2.6) |
| 45–49 | 265 (0.2) | 103 (0.2) | 0–5* | 21 (0.2) | 1,807 (0.1) |
| Multiparous | 83,978 (58.2) | 24,474 (54.4) | 1,245 (56.4) | 4,930 (55.9) | 909,992 (57.1) |
| Neighbourhood income quintile (Q) | |||||
| Q1 (lowest) | 30,815 (21.4) | 9,977 (22.2) | 830 (37.6)a | 2,280 (25.8) | 351,228 (22.0) |
| Q2 | 28,717 (19.9) | 9,101 (20.2) | 482 (21.8) | 1,784 (20.2) | 320,726 (20.1) |
| Q3 | 29,495 (20.5) | 9,197 (20.4) | 393 (17.8) | 1,747 (19.8) | 326,203 (20.5) |
| Q4 | 30,418 (21.1) | 9,331 (20.7) | 265 (12.0)a | 1,676 (19.0) | 328,279 (20.6) |
| Q5 (highest) | 24,132 (16.7) | 7,243 (16.1) | 220 (10.0)a | 1,306 (14.8) | 260,871 (16.4) |
| Missing | 610 (0.4) | 139 (0.3) | 17 (0.8) | 30 (0.3) | 6,047 (0.4) |
| Region of residence | |||||
| Rural | 8,230 (5.7) | 2,002 (4.5) | 112 (5.1) | 497 (5.6) | 66,671 (4.2) |
| Urban | 133,784 (92.8) | 42,473 (94.4) | 2,036 (92.3) | 8,204 (93.0) | 1,506,957 (94.6) |
| Missing | 2,173 (1.5) | 513 (1.1) | 59 (2.7) | 122 (1.4) | 19,726 (1.2) |
| Immigrant/refugee | 16,899 (11.7)a | 6,704 (14.9)a | 154 (7.0)a | 769 (8.7)a | 420,564 (26.4) |
| Stable chronic conditions | 39,708 (27.5)a | 11,645 (25.9) | 550 (24.9) | 2,842 (32.2)a | 364,775 (22.9) |
| Unstable chronic conditions | 23,363 (16.2)a | 6,558 (14.6) | 336 (15.2)a | 1,980 (22.4)a | 179,780 (11.3) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 3,606 (2.5) | 1,344 (3.0) | 61 (2.8)a | 452 (5.1)a | 24,123 (1.5) |
| Chronic hypertension | 5,214 (3.6) | 1,363 (3.0) | 37 (1.7) | 450 (5.1)a | 35,775 (2.2) |
| Cardiovascular disease | 257 (0.2) | 42 (0.1) | 0–5* | 37 (0.4) | 790 (0.0) |
| Mental illness | 28,300 (19.6)a | 7,793 (17.3)a | 831 (37.7)a | 2,360 (26.7)a | 200,987 (12.6) |
| Substance use disorder | 2,818 (2.0) | 546 (1.2) | 141 (6.4)a | 301 (3.4)a | 14,184 (0.9) |
| Smoking in pregnancyb | 17,955 (12.5)a | 5,177 (11.5)a | 538 (24.4)a | 1,426 (16.2)a | 128,178 (8.0) |
| Inadequate prenatal care | 14,421 (10.0) | 4,764 (10.6) | 225 (10.2) | 827 (9.4) | 163,542 (10.3) |
| Any pregnancy complicationc | 18,055 (12.5) | 5,322 (11.8) | 237 (10.7) | 1,313 (14.9)a | 170,457 (10.7) |
| Gestational diabetes | 6,137 (4.3) | 2,008 (4.5) | 67 (3.0) | 388 (4.4) | 74,463 (4.7) |
| Gestational hypertension | 2,447 (1.7) | 727 (1.6) | 23 (1.0) | 152 (1.7) | 22,733 (1.4) |
| Preeclampsia/eclampsia | 7,263 (5.0) | 2,145 (4.8) | 98 (4.4) | 519 (5.9)a | 61,054 (3.8) |
| Venous thromboembolism | 1,868 (1.3) | 425 (0.9) | 20 (0.9) | 182 (2.1)a | 10,578 (0.7) |
| Severe maternal morbidity | 3,369 (2.3) | 914 (2.0) | 64 (2.9) | 306 (3.5) | 26,665 (1.7) |
| Caesarean delivery | 44,035 (30.5) | 13,153 (29.2) | 595 (27.0) | 2,994 (33.9)a | 436,381 (27.4) |
*
Values suppressed to protect patient privacy due to small cell counts < 6.
a
Standardized difference > 0.10, comparing women within each respective disability group to women without a disability.
b
Analyses limited to births in 2007–2018, linkable with the Better Outcomes Registry & Network, a clinical birth registry.
c
Pregnancy complications included a composite of gestational diabetes, gestational hypertension, preeclampsia/eclampsia, venous thromboembolism, or severe maternal morbidity.