Table 1.
The characteristics of included patients.
| Variables | Total Cohort (n = 1203) | Patients with Follow-Up Visit (n = 509) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| V1 | V2 | p-Value | ||
| Male | 963 (80.0) | 423 (83.1) | ||
| Age (years) | 61.1 (53.0, 69.0) | 61.0 (53.4, 60.6) | ||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.8 (23.4, 27.8) | 25.7 (22.8, 27.8) | ||
| Killip (II- IV) | 153 (12.7) | 41 (8.1) | ||
| LVEF (%) | 55.0 (50.0, 60.0) | 56.0 (50.0, 60.0) | 60.0 (55.0, 63.0) | <0.001 |
| LVEF < 40% | 68 (5.7) | 24 (4.7) | 12 (2.4) | |
| MVD | 883 (73.4) | 365 (71.7) | ||
| PCI | 833 (69.2) | 359 (70.5) | ||
| Medical history | ||||
| Current Smoker | 875 (72.7) | 371 (72.9) | ||
| Hypertension | 786 (65.3) | 324 (63.7) | ||
| Hyperlipemia | 1117 (92.9) | 468 (91.9) | ||
| Diabetes Mellitus | 416 (34.6) | 177 (34.8) | ||
| Previous Stroke | 184 (15.3) | 79 (15.5) | ||
| CKD | 95 (7.9) | 25 (4.9) | ||
| PAD | 73 (6.1) | 35 (6.9) | ||
| Previous MI | 220 (18.3) | 98 (19.3) | ||
| Laboratory indexes | ||||
| TMAO (µmol/L) | 6.6 (4.0, 11.6) | 6.7 (4.0, 11.5) | 12.7 (8.1, 20.4) | <0.001 |
| Choline (µmol/L) | 1.2 (1.0, 1.5) | 1.2 (1.0, 1.5) | 1.7 (1.4, 2.1) | <0.001 |
| Betaine (µmol/L) | 1.9 (1.5, 2.4) | 1.9 (1.5, 2.4) | 3.1 (2.4, 3.9) | <0.001 |
| L-carnitine1 (µmol/L) | 50.6 (42.5, 59.6) | 51.2 (43.5, 60.7) | 67.0 (51.5, 83.0) | <0.001 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.732 m2 *) | 76.1 (64.1, 89.4) | 75.9 (65.8, 90.4) | 78.2 (65.3, 88.4) | 0.219 |
| ALT (IU/L) | 32.0 (21.0, 52.0) | 32.0 (20.0, 52.0) | ||
| AST (IU/L) | 90.0 (44.0, 191.0) | 87.0 (44.0, 187.0) | ||
| Baseline cTnI (ng/mL) | 1.0 (0.1, 5.5) | 1.1 (0.1, 6.2) | ||
| Peak cTnI (ng/mL) | 9.6 (2.1, 27.2) | 9.3 (2.0, 24.6) | ||
| Baseline NT-proBNP (ng/mL) | 301.8 (83.1, 1007.0) | 252.5 (70.4, 749.2) | ||
| Peak NT-proBNP (ng/mL) | 1186.0 (469.6, 2776.0) | 1056.0 (429.4, 2186.0) | ||
| hsCRP (mg/L) | 5.5 (1.8, 11.0) | 5.4 (1.8, 10.8) | 1.2 (0.5, 2.8) | <0.001 |
| LDL-C (mmol/L) | 2.6 (2.0, 3.2) | 2.6 (2.0, 3.2) | 1.8 (1.5, 2.3) | <0.001 |
| GRACE score | 108.0 (89.0, 127.0) | 107.0 (90.0, 125.0) | ||
| Medication at discharge | ||||
| Aspirin | 1142 (94.9) | 484 (95.1) | ||
| Ticagrelor | 565 (47.0) | 251 (49.3) | ||
| Clopidogrel | 607 (50.5) | 255 (50.1) | ||
| ACEI/ARB | 830 (69.0) | 356 (69.9) | ||
| Βeta Blocker | 1008 (83.8) | 443 (87.0) | ||
| Statins | 1139 (94.7) | 497 (97.6) | ||
| Adverse outcomes | ||||
| Death | 84 (7.0) | 24 (4.7) | ||
| reMI | 71 (5.9) | 27 (5.3) | ||
| reHF | 22 (1.8) | 12 (2.4) | ||
| Revascularization | 195 (16.2) | 71 (13.9) | ||
| Stroke | 41(3.4) | 18 (3.5) | ||
| MACE | 343 (28.5) | 125 (24.6) | ||
Continuous variables are presented as medians (25th−75th percentiles), and categorical variables are reported as counts (%). ACEIs/ARBs indicates angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; BMI, body mass index; CKD, chronic kidney disease; cTnI, cardiac troponin I; GRACE, the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events; HF, heart failure; hsCRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; MACE, major adverse cardiovascular event; MI, myocardial infarction; MVD, multiple vessels disease; reHF, rehospitalization caused by heart failure; reMI, recurrent myocardial infarction; STMEI, ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction; NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide; STMEI, ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction; PAD, peripheral artery disease; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; TMAO, trimethylamine-N-oxide. * Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated according to the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease formula.