Table 2.
Association between TMAO levels at enrollment and all endpoints.
| Endpoint | Group | Event (n.%) | Crude HR (95%CI) | p-Value | Adjusted HR (95%CI) * | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MACE | ||||||
| ≤median | 149 (24.8) | [1] | [1] | |||
| >median | 194 (32.2) | 1.39 (1.12–1.72) | 0.003 | 1.27 (1.01–1.60) | 0.040 | |
| Tertile 1 | 102 (25.4) | [1] | [1] | |||
| Tertile 2 | 97 (24.2) | 0.95 (0.72–1.26) | 0.743 | 0.89 (0.67–1.19) | 0.429 | |
| Tertile 3 | 144 (35.9) | 1.54 (1.20–1.99) | 0.001 | 1.35 (1.02–1.78) | 0.033 | |
| Trend. test | 343 (28.5) | 1.26 (1.10–1.44) | 0.001 | 1.18 (1.02–1.36) | 0.025 | |
| All-cause death | ||||||
| ≤median | 31 (5.2) | [1] | [1] | |||
| >median | 53 (8.8) | 1.76 (1.13–2.74) | 0.013 | 1.22 (0.73–2.04) | 0.441 | |
| Tertile 1 | 16 (4.0) | [1] | [1] | |||
| Tertile 2 | 23 (5.7) | 1.45 (0.77–2.74) | 0.255 | 1.44 (0.68–3.02) | 0.341 | |
| Tertile 3 | 45 (11.2) | 2.97 (1.68–5.26) | < 0.001 | 2.06 (1.01–4.19) | 0.047 | |
| Trend. test | 84 (7.0) | 1.78 (1.34–2.36) | < 0.001 | 1.43 (1.02–2.01) | 0.036 | |
| reMI | ||||||
| ≤median | 24 (4.0) | [1] | [1] | |||
| >median | 47 (7.8) | 2.04 (1.25–3.33) | 0.005 | 2.01 (1.20–3.37) | 0.008 | |
| Tertile 1 | 19 (4.7) | [1] | [1] | |||
| Tertile 2 | 17 (4.2) | 0.90 (0.47–1.73) | 0.756 | 0.93 (0.48–1.81) | 0.836 | |
| Tertile 3 | 35 (8.7) | 1.96 (1.12–3.43) | 0.018 | 1.95 (1.08–3.53) | 0.027 | |
| Trend. test | 71 (5.9) | 1.46 (1.09–1.96) | 0.012 | 1.44 (1.06–1.97) | 0.021 | |
| reHF | ||||||
| ≤median | 8 (1.3) | [1] | [1] | |||
| >median | 14 (2.3) | 1.81 (0.76–4.31) | 0.182 | 1.02 (0.39–2.64) | 0.968 | |
| Tertile 1 | 7 (1.7) | [1] | [1] | |||
| Tertile 2 | 4 (1.0) | 0.57 (0.17–1.96) | 0.375 | 0.37 (0.09–1.45) | 0.152 | |
| Tertile 3 | 11 (2.7) | 1.67 (0.65–4.31) | 0.288 | 0.97 (0.34–2.80) | 0.961 | |
| Trend. test | 22 (1.8) | 1.36 (0.81–2.30) | 0.247 | 1.02 (0.57–1.82) | 0.940 | |
| Stroke | ||||||
| ≤median | 20 (3.3) | [1] | [1] | |||
| >median | 21 (3.5) | 1.09 (0.59–2.01) | 0.782 | 0.85 (0.44–1.66) | 0.638 | |
| Tertile 1 | 16 (4.0) | [1] | [1] | |||
| Tertile 2 | 13 (3.2) | 0.83 (0.40–1.72) | 0.607 | 0.77 (0.36–1.64) | 0.500 | |
| Tertile 3 | 12 (3.0) | 0.80 (0.38–1.70) | 0.566 | 0.52 (0.23–1.19) | 0.121 | |
| Trend. test | 41 (3.4) | 0.89 (0.61–1.30) | 0.556 | 0.72 (0.48–1.09) | 0.120 | |
| Revascularization | ||||||
| ≤median | 89 (14.8) | [1] | [1] | |||
| >median | 106 (17.6) | 1.25 (0.94–1.65) | 0.125 | 1.3 (0.97–1.75) | 0.083 | |
| Tertile 1 | 62 (15.5) | [1] | [1] | |||
| Tertile 2 | 61 (15.2) | 1.00 (0.70–1.42) | 0.978 | 0.96 (0.67–1.38) | 0.822 | |
| Tertile 3 | 72 (18.0) | 1.24 (0.89–1.75) | 0.209 | 1.25 (0.88–1.79) | 0.210 | |
| Trend. test | 195 (16.2) | 1.12 (0.94–1.33) | 0.205 | 1.12 (0.94–1.35) | 0.212 |
HR, hazard ratio; MACE, major adverse cardiovascular event; reHF, rehospitalization caused by heart failure; reMI, recurrent myocardial infarction; TMAO, trimethylamine-N-oxide. * Adjusted for the variables with p < 0.1 in the univariable models, including age, hypertension, diabetes, peripheral artery disease, chronic kidney disease, and previous history of stroke and MI, Killip II-IV, the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events risk score, multiple vessels disease, percutaneous coronary intervention, and the peak value of cardiac troponin I and N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide during hospitalization, as well as estimated glomerular filtration rate and left ventricular ejection fraction.