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. 2022 Nov 17;27(22):7963. doi: 10.3390/molecules27227963

Table 1.

Effects of herbal medicine and their active ingredients on PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and their roles in ischemic stroke.

Natural
Medicine		 Plant
Atlas		 Active Ingredients Model Regulation of PI3K/Akt
Signaling Pathway		 Main Purposed Effects Ref(s)
Herbal
medicine
Chuanxiong graphic file with name molecules-27-07963-i001.jpg Ligustrazine PC12 Cells
SD rats
Human amniotic epithelial cells		 ↑p-PI3K and
p-Akt		 Anti-neuronal apoptosis
Anti-inflammation
Activating autophagy		 [61,62,63,64,65,66,67]
Salvia
miltiorrhiza 		graphic file with name molecules-27-07963-i002.jpg Tanshinone;
Danshensu;
Salvianolic Acid.		 SD rats
Neural stem/precursor cells		 ↑p-PI3K and
p-Akt		 Inhibit apoptosis
Anti-inflammation
Anti-oxidative stress		 [68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75]
Radix
Angelicae
sinensis 		graphic file with name molecules-27-07963-i003.jpg Angelica
Polysaccharides;
Ferulic Acid;
Ligustilide.		 PC12 Cells
SD rats
CIRI rats		 ↑p-PI3K and
p-Akt		 Anti-oxidative stress
Anti-neuronal apoptosis		 [76,77,78,79,80]
Astragalus
membranaceus 		graphic file with name molecules-27-07963-i004.jpg Astragalus
Polysaccharides;
Astragalus Saponins;
Flavonoids.		 SD rats
OGD/R HT22 cells		 ↑p-PI3K and
p-Akt		 Anti-neuronal apoptosis
Anti-inflammation		 [81,82,83,84,85,86]
Safflower graphic file with name molecules-27-07963-i005.jpg Safflower Yellow SD rats ↑p-PI3K, p-Akt, GSK3β Anti-oxidative stress
Anti-neuronal apoptosis
Anti-inflammation		 [87,88,89,90,91,92,93]
Ginkgo
biloba leaf 		graphic file with name molecules-27-07963-i006.jpg Ginkgo Flavonoids;
Ginkgolides.		 SD rats
brain endothelial cell		 ↑p-Akt,
p-GSK3β, VEGF		 Anti-inflammation
Anti-oxidative stress		 [94,95,96,97,98,99]
Erigeron
breviscapus 		graphic file with name molecules-27-07963-i007.jpg Flavonoids
Scutellarin
(Breviscapine)		 SD rats
A375 cells		 ↑p-Akt, eNOS Anti-oxidative stress
Anti-neuronal apoptosis		 [100,101,102,103]
Ginseng graphic file with name molecules-27-07963-i008.jpg Ginsenoside Mice
SD rats		 ↑p-Akt,
p-mTOR,
p-ERK
 Anti-oxidative stress
Anti-neuronal apoptosis
Anti-inflammation		 [104,105,106,107,108,109,110,111]
Radix Paeoniae
Rubra 		graphic file with name molecules-27-07963-i009.jpg Paeoniflorin Mice
SD rats		 ↑p-PI3K and
p-Akt		 Anti-inflammation
Anti-neuronal apoptosis		 [112,113,114,115]
Panax
notoginseng 		graphic file with name molecules-27-07963-i010.jpg Panax Notoginseng;
Saponins.		 Mice
SD rats
bEnd 3 cells
H9c2 cells		 ↑p-Akt/Akt,
p-mTOR, Nrf2		 Anti-neuronal apoptosis
Anti-inflammation		 [116,117,118,119,120,121]
Herbal
prescriptions
Buyang Huanwu
Decoction		 Propyl Gallate;
Formononetin;
Hydroxysafflor Yellow A;
Formononetin;
Astragaloside IV;
Inosine, Paeoniflorin;
Paeonol;
Ligustrazine;
Ferulic Acid.
 HT22 cells
mice		 ↑p-PI3K,
p-Akt, p-Bad		 Anti-neuronal apoptosis
Anti-inflammation		 [122,123,124,125,126]
Taohong Siwu
decoction		 Hydroxysafflor Yellow A;
Paeoniflorin;
Paeonol;
Ligustrazine;
Ferulic Acid.		 SD rats ↑p-Akt Anti-inflammation
Anti-neuronal apoptosis		 [127,128,129,130]
Xiaoyao San Saikoside;
Ferulic Acid;
Ligustilide;
Atractylenolide;
Paeoniflorin;
Albiflorin;
Liquiritin;
Glycyrrhizic Acid; Pachymic Acid.		 PC12 cells ↑p-PI3K and
p-Akt		 Anti-neuronal apoptosis [131,132]
Danhong injection Ferulic Acid;
Cryptotanshinone;
Quercetin;
Anhydrosafflor Yellow B.		 SD rats ↑p-PI3K,
p-Akt, GSK3β		 Anti-inflammation
Anti-neuronal apoptosis		 [133,134,135,136,137,138]
Sanhua decoction Flavonoids;
Anthraquinones;
Coumarins;
Phenylpropanoid
Glycosides;
Alkaloids;
Lignans.		 SD rats ↑p-PI3K and
p-Akt		 Anti-inflammation
Anti-neuronal apoptosis		 [139,140,141]
Xingnaojing
injection		 Turmeric;
Moschus;
Borneolum Syntheticum;
Fructus Gardeniae.		 SD rats ↑p-Akt, eNOS Anti-oxidative stress
Anti-neuronal apoptosis		 [142,143,144,145]

↑ signifies increase/activate