Table 3.

Study planning: method of engagement and study activities by stakeholder type

Stakeholder	Method of engagement	Study activity	Specific example of what was changed
Patients with asthma
	Advisory group meetings Multi-disciplinary advisory boards	Outcome measure Intervention	Discussions of goals and priorities to develop research question and strategize how community health workers could improve asthma outcomes (G2P study) Developed training and coach certification program (SAMBA)
Caregivers of children with asthma
	Stakeholder/patient “work groups” Asthma coaches Focus groups Focus groups + one-on-one interviews (BEAMS)	Intervention Intervention Outcome measure Intervention, outcome measure	Intervention changed from “usual care” to “enhanced usual care so that all patients benefit from participating in study (CHICAGO) Developed coaching manual that would be used to deliver study intervention (ASIST) Developed intervention (use of CHWs and patient portals) and pilot studies based on information from focus groups [19] De-emphasis on technology and mobile health monitoring as part of intervention for parental stress management and primary outcome measure changed from adherence to symptom free days to reflect priorities of caregivers
Clinicians
	Advisory board (HIITBAC) One on one interviews (ASIST) National advisory core group (BEAMS)	Study design Intervention Study design	Identified primary care provider practice sites to participate in the study Modified inclusion/exclusion criteria to match study population in the community Recommended asthma coaches as part of intervention to provide patient education (ASIST) Investigators who were experts in asthma trials among at risk youth refined study question, outcomes, and intervention
Community members
	CHWs and design strategists in stakeholder/patient “work groups”	Study design, intervention	Developed prototype for in-home asthma education tool that would reflect “real world” settings in which CHWs must adapt (CHICAGO plan)
Advocacy
	Chicago RHA as part of patient/stakeholder workgroup	Study design	Helped identify patient stakeholders who would refine intervention, select outcomes (CHICAGO)

Community health worker (CHW); Repiratory Health Association (RHA)