Table 1.
Study characteristics and demographics
| References | Year | Study design | Sample size | Mean age | Operation Time (min) | Blood Loss (mL) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zero-p | CPC | Zero-p | CPC | Zero-p | CPC | Zero-p | CPC | |||
| Lan et al. [7] | 2017 | R OS | 35 | 33 | 54.05 ± 10.11 | 52.09 ± 10.46 | 101.57 ± 14.36 | 107.88 ± 14.35 | 93.4 ± 9.04 | 97.94 ± 10.76 |
| Vaishnav et al. [8] | 2018 | R OS | 41 | 23 | 48.58 ± 10.72 | 46.37 ± 8.4 | 44.88 ± 6.54 | 54.43 ± 14.71 | 27.32 ± 9.23 | 30.68 ± 13.21 |
| Wei et al. [11] | 2022 | R OS | 68 | 28 | 48.7 ± 7.3 | 47.2 ± 6.7 | 55.24 ± 5.17 | 53.16 ± 5.29 | 34.52 ± 6.42 | 32.46 ± 8.31 |
| He et al. [16] | 2021 | R OS | 42 | 45 | 62.59 ± 8.21 | 61.15 ± 7.52 | 84 ± 23 | 98 ± 27 | 139 ± 22 | 154 ± 33 |
| Noh et al. [17] | 2021 | R OS | 38 | 42 | 51.9 ± 10.21 | 52.6 ± 8.61 | 108.31 ± 17.15 | 123.25 ± 28.23 | 72.39 ± 13.11 | 92.12 ± 38.65 |
| Lee et al. [18] | 2015 | R OS | 23 | 18 | 57.26 ± 13.28 | 52.89 ± 7.71 | NS | NS | NS | NS |
| Son et al. [19] | 2014 | R OS | 21 | 27 | 55.4 ± 9.7 | 50.2 ± 10.9 | 159.5 ± 52.1 | 147.4 ± 48.4 | 90 ± 148 | 146.5 ± 138.0 |
| Nemoto et al. [20] | 2015 | P RCT | 24 | 22 | 40.9 ± 7.2 | 41.6 ± 7.0 | 116.4 ± 17.1 | 128.5 ± 17.4 | NS | NS |
| Wang et al. [21] | 2014 | R OS | 22 | 25 | 50.86 ± 8.79 | 53.68 ± 8.96 | 98.18 ± 15.55 | 105.4 ± 14.43 | 87.95 ± 12.02 | 92.4 ± 11.28 |
| Li et al. [22] | 2015 | P RCT | 23 | 23 | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS |
| Wang et al. [23] | 2015 | R OS | 27 | 30 | 51.6 ± 11.3 | 54 ± 8.5 | 98.2 ± 15.2 | 109.8 ± 16.9 | 88.2 ± 12.9 | 95.2 ± 11.6 |
| Yan et al. [24] | 2014 | R OS | 37 | 35 | 63.55 ± 7.12 | 64.28 ± 8.76 | 76.59 ± 14.53 | 53.78 ± 17.91 | 52.74 ± 26.84 | 85.46 ± 23.97 |
| Li et al. [25] | 2020 | R OS | 24 | 27 | 65.7 ± 7.5 | 62.3 ± 3.4 | NS | NS | NS | NS |
| Liu et al. [26] | 2016 | P RCT | 31 | 31 | 48.5 ± 9.1 | 45.2 ± 10.6 | 63.45 ± 10.87 | 85.97 ± 12.04 | 44.35 ± 11.53 | 66.26 ± 19.62 |
| Shao et al. [27] | 2016 | R OS | 63 | 76 | 47.6 ± 6.4 | 50.3 ± 8.2 | 63.7 ± 12.5 | 71.8 ± 13.2 | 83.6 ± 14.5 | 86.1 ± 14.3 |
| Yi et al. [28] | 2017 | R OS | 80 | 84 | 52.12 ± 5.893 | 51.95 ± 6.267 | 148.46 ± 27.239 | 165.37 ± 28.538 | 76.87 ± 21.38 | 80.46 ± 31.409 |
| Wang et al. [29] | 2016 | R OS | 12 | 16 | 50.5 ± 13.5 | 52.0 ± 12.0 | 113 ± 8.6 | 160.44 ± 17.2 | 51.67 ± 24.2 | 52.13 ± 24.54 |
| Guo et al. [30] | 2015 | P RCT | 49 | 49 | 43.1 ± 16.9 | 43.3 ± 17.7 | 70.8 ± 17.3 | 87.6 ± 23.4 | 49.5 ± 17.2 | 65.2 ± 25.3 |
| Sun et al. [31] | 2017 | R OS | 25 | 28 | 53 ± 10.26 | 53.57 ± 10.66 | 88.88 ± 25.8 | 109.2 ± 20.4 | 83.22 ± 33.24 | 117.33 ± 23.57 |
| Hu et al. [32] | 2017 | R OS | 23 | 31 | 49.78 ± 10.4 | 45.54 ± 40.22 | 78.22 ± 14.01 | 82.19 ± 6.51 | 19.52 ± 6.95 | 37.16 ± 5.25 |
| Sha et al. [33] | 2021 | R OS | 30 | 31 | 52.9 ± 9.27 | 50.33 ± 8.57 | 81.33 ± 10.74 | 93.67 ± 11.59 | 77.33 ± 22.43 | 108.33 ± 24.08 |
| Chang et al. [9] | 2017 | R OS | 21 | 24 | 54.6 ± 3.5 | 53.2 ± 4.2 | 62.7 ± 17.3 | 87.6 ± 23.2 | 78.4 ± 29.6 | 80.2 ± 36.8 |
| Ruan et al. [34] | 2018 | R OS | 21 | 18 | 56.3 ± 9.8 | 59.6 ± 12.5 | 68.6 ± 8.2 | 79.7 ± 9.3 | 41.2 ± 7.4 | 78.9 ± 9.2 |
| Zhu et al. [35] | 2019 | R OS | 19 | 26 | 55.42 ± 8.03 | 59.15 ± 8.04 | 129 ± 25 | 172 ± 29 | 88 ± 29 | 151 ± 33 |
| Zhang et al. [36] | 2020 | R OS | 56 | 67 | 45.2 ± 13.9 | 48.7 ± 13.2 | 76.96 ± 8.98 | 82.31 ± 7.57 | 51.64 ± 20.35 | 57.97 ± 17.9 |
| Gou et al. [10] | 2022 | R OS | 16 | 16 | 48.5 ± 6.7 | 52.4 ± 7.2 | 75.1 ± 6.0 | 90.6 ± 8.1 | 61.9 ± 9.9 | 60.3 ± 12.6 |
| Luo et al. [37] | 2021 | R OS | 60 | 60 | 59.1 ± 16.4 | 59.8 ± 14.4 | 75.22 ± 7.57 | 90.39 ± 8.1 | 77.53 ± 37.27 | 72.24 ± 34.74 |
R, retrospective; P, prospective; OS, observational; RCT, randomized controlled trial; and NS, not specified