Table 2.
Markers of macrophage polarization.
| Molecule Family | Polarization Marker | M0, M1 or M2 Marker | Species | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Enzyme | Arg1 | M2 | Murine | [154] |
| iNOS | M2 | Murine | [154] | |
| Membrane receptors | CD11b | M0 | Human/Murine | [155] |
| CD14 | M0 | Human | [155] | |
| CD40 | M1 | Human/Murine | [156,157] | |
| CD80 | M1 | Human/Murine | [158] | |
| CD86 | M1 | Human/Murine | [158] | |
| CD163 | M2 | Human/Murine | [155] | |
| CD206 | M2 | Human/Murine | [155] | |
| F4/80 | M0 | Murine | [155] | |
| Cytokines | IL-1β | M1 | Human/Murine | [26,159] |
| IL-2 | M1 | Human/Murine | [26] | |
| IL-6 | M1 | Human/Murine | [154] | |
| IL-10 | M2 | Human/Murine | [158] | |
| IL-12 | M1 | Human/Murine | [26] | |
| IL-23α | M1 | Human/Murine | [26] | |
| CCL2 | M1 | Human/Murine | [160] | |
| TNF-α | M1 | Human/Murine | [154] | |
| TGF-β | M2 | Human/Murine | [158] | |
| VEGF | M2 | Human/Murine | [161] |
Abbreviations: Arg1: Arginase 1; CCL2: Chemokine (C-C motif) Ligand 2; CD: Cluster of Differentiation; iNOS: inducible Nitric Oxyde Synthase; IL: Interleukins; TGF-β: Transforming Growth Factor beta; Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha; VEGF: Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor.