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. 2022 Nov 21;15:3627–3637. doi: 10.2147/DMSO.S354026

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Summary of the literature to date on the association of sleep duration, sleep quality and sleep timing with the development as well as health outcomes (glycemic levels, complications) of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. ↑Increased risk or higher levels;?, no or insufficient data available. Bold black arrows, strong evidence based on large study sample or multiple studies; grey arrows, medium strength evidence; white arrows, evidence based on small sample or subgroup.