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. 2022 Nov 25;10(12):e735. doi: 10.1002/iid3.735

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Activation of dendritic cells (DCs) increases the levels of inflammatory cytokines. (A) Messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), Interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), IL‐6, IL‐10, IL‐12p40, IL‐12p35, and IL‐23p19 were determined using reverse‐ transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR). (B) Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to measure the secretion levels of TNF‐α, IL‐6, IL‐10, and IL‐12p70 in supernatant. DCs were stimulated with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and recombinant HSP40 (rHSP40) for 24 h, respectively. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey's post hoc test: n = 3, versus group “Control,” *p < .05, **p < .01, ***p < .001.