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. 2022 May 21;43(6):1074–1096. doi: 10.1210/endrev/bnac013

Figure 2.

Figure 2.

Structural motifs and phosphorylation sites in YAP1/TAZ. YAP1 is phosphorylated by LATS1/2 at 5 serine residues (Ser61, Ser109, Ser127, Ser164, and Ser397) and TAZ at 4 serine residues (Ser66, Ser89, Ser117, and Ser311) (green circles). Phosphorylation of YAP1 Ser127 results in the restriction of YAP1 to the cytoplasm due to binding with 14-3-3 and phosphorylation at Ser397 activates a phosphodegron degradation motif leading to reduced levels of YAP1 and TAZ. Likewise, phosphorylation of TAZ Ser89 sequesters TAZ to the cytoplasm via binding with 14-3-3 and Ser 311 activates a phosphodegron degradation motif. Phosphorylation of YAP1 by AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) occurs at multiple sites shown by red circles. Phosphorylation at Ser 94 via AMPK disrupts the YAP-TEAD interactions, resulting in reduction of the transcription and YAP1 target genes. Protein kinase A (PKA) activates LATS and results in LATS mediated phosphorylation of YAP1 and TAZ. Phosphorylation of YAP1 at Ser 112 by PKA enables YAP1 to translocate to the nucleus (blue circle). Abbreviations: cc, coiled-coil domain; ww, WW domain.