Table 2.

Consumer-level CIMO elements.

PROGRAMME MODALITY	CONTEXT	MECHANISM	OUTCOME
Accessibility	Consumer characteristics: – Vulnerability – (Dis)trust in health services Programme characteristics: – Home Visiting – Place-based initiatives Health system characteristics: – Inflexibility	– Family – peer trust – Provider sharing between providers and consumers – shared responsibility – Building of self-help skills – self-efficacy and motivation	– Consumers’ improved access to care – Service engagement
Referral pathways Early intervention and public health approaches to interrupting cycles of family disadvantage, poor health and psychological trauma	Consumer characteristics: – Vulnerability: Complexity of consumer’s problem – consumers’ past experiences with services and willingness to give the service provider a chance Programme characteristics: – Home Visiting – Place-based initiatives Health system characteristics: – Complex	– Sharing of information – knowledge acquisition and encouragement	– Effective engagement of consumers – Consumers’ improved access to care – Consumer outlook improved
Accompaniment Co-design and co-production of the initiative in partnership with families and service partners	Consumer characteristics: – Vulnerability – Disconnected from health services Programme characteristics: – Programme flexibility – Providers taking dual roles	– Provider sharing between providers and consumers – shared responsibility – Family–provider trust	– Consumer independence – Effective engagement of consumers – Consumers’ improved access to care – Consumer outlook improved
Case-based discussions: Encouraging families for all their health needs and supporting progress towards self-efficacy (I)	Consumer characteristics: – Vulnerability – Disconnected from health services Programme characteristics: – Programme flexibility – Providers taking dual roles	– Family – peer trust – Sharing between providers and consumers – shared responsibility – Sharing of information – knowledge acquisition and encouragement – Building of self-help skills – self-efficacy and motivation	– Effective engagement of consumers – Consumer priorities are reflected in initial goal setting