Table 3.
Immunological (serodiagnostic), molecular, spectrometric and combination diagnostic methods used for the diagnosis of sporotrichosis.
| Methods | Patient Type | Species Detected | Limitation | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ELISA (Enzyme Linked ImmunonoSorbent Assay) |
Human, Feline |
S. schenckii
S. brasiliensis |
Cross-reactions with other fungal diseases may occur. Addition of 6M urea reduces cross-reactivity. Decrease in serum antibody titers as the lesions heal. Combine with clinical specimen cultures. | [64,65,66,67] |
| Molecular diagnostic methods and gene sequencing | Human, Feline, Canine | S. brasiliensis, S. schenckii, S. globosa, S. mexicana, S. pallida | High cost | [9,10,11], [13,14,15], [20,21], [32], [52,53], [56], [68] |
| MALDI-TOF-MS (Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry) |
Human, Feline, Canine | S. brasiliensis, S. schenckii, S. globosa, S. pallida, S. mexicana, S. luriei | High cost | [69,70] |
| Histological methods associated to PCR-based molecular diagnostic | Feline | S. chilensis, S. mexicana, S. pallida, S. globosa, S. brasiliensis, S. schenckii | Use of formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues | [71,72] |