Figure 4.

The CISD2-dependent and CISD2-independent metabolic pathways identified in the skeletal muscle of 3-month-old WT and CISD2 mcKO mice who undergo hesperetin treatment for 4 months. A schematic illustration of metabolism in the hesperetin-treated and vehicle-treated CISD2 mcKO mice that carry a CISD2 knockout background specifically affecting the skeletal and cardiac muscles. In aged skeletal muscle (gastrocnemius), hesperetin brings about improvements in various dysregulated pathways, namely (A) lipid metabolism, (B) proteostasis and (C) nitrogen, protein, and amino acid metabolism. Red indicates upregulation and blue indicates downregulation of the identified proteins. The presence of (*) emphasizes that these proteins were affected by hesperetin in a CISD2-independent manner. The figure was created with BioRender.com.