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. 2022 Nov 10;10(11):1894. doi: 10.3390/vaccines10111894

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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CpG 1018 induces strong IgG2c and weak IgG1 antibody responses. Old mice (78 weeks) were intradermally immunized with 0.5 µg pdm09 vaccine alone () or in the presence of CpG 1018 adjuvant (40 µg, ) or left non-immunized (). Young adult mice (6–8 weeks) were intradermally immunized with the same amount of pdm09 vaccine () or left non-immunized (). Serum anti−HA IgG1 (A) and IgG2c antibody titers (B) were measured 3 weeks after immunization by coating ELISA plate with rHA of pdm09 virus. n = 4–7. One-way ANOVA with Kruskal–Wallis multiple comparison test was used to compare differences between groups. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001.

Inline graphic — CpG 1018 induces strong IgG2c and weak IgG1 antibody responses. Old mice (78 weeks) were intradermally immunized with 0.5 µg pdm09 vaccine alone () or in the presence of CpG 1018 adjuvant (40 µg, ) or left non-immunized (). Young adult mice (6–8 weeks) were intradermally immunized with the same amount of pdm09 vaccine () or left non-immunized (). Serum anti−HA IgG1 (A) and IgG2c antibody titers (B) were measured 3 weeks after immunization by coating ELISA plate with rHA of pdm09 virus. n = 4–7. One-way ANOVA with Kruskal–Wallis multiple comparison test was used to compare differences between groups. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001.