Table 3.

Main long-read sequencing technologies or approaches and highlighted cancer genomics research.

Technology	Instruments	Read Characteristics	Related Somatic Studies
Oxford Nanopore Technologies	MinION GridION PromethION	Single molecule reads, average read length ~15–20 Kb (max ~2 Mb), with an error rate of 5–10%	Brain tumor [208], lung cancer [209]
Pacific Biosciences	Sequel Sequel II	HiFi reads, average read length ~15–20 Kb (max ~65 Kb), with error rate of 1%	Breast cancer [19]
Linked-reads (10x Genomics)	NextSeq HiSeq NovaSeq	Linked-reads obtained from short reads, average length ~100 Kb	Prostate cancer [210], gastric cancer [211]
Hi-C	NextSeq HiSeq NovaSeq	~1 kb–1 Mb resolution, without base pair resolution	Pancreatic cancer [212]
Optical maps (BioNano Genomics)	NextSeq HiSeq NovaSeq	Optical mapping of long fragments, average length 250 Kb, without base pair resolution	Leukemia [213]

Hi-C, chromosome conformation capture sequencing; Kb, kilobases; Mb, megabases.