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GNL mitigated Ox-LDL-induced cytokine production in endothelial cells. HUVECs were treated with GNL and/or Ox-LDL for 24 h. Expression of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and TGF-β protein was assessed by Western blotting. There are three replicates of each value, and * p < 0.05 represents a significant difference when compared to the control group. A # represents p < 0.05; thus, significant differences between the Ox-LDL alone and GNL with Ox-LDL treatment groups.
