Figure 2.

Growth of the wild-type strain A. carbonarius ITEM 5010 (■) and two Δpks mutants (△ represents Δpks8a, and ▽ denotes Δpks27c) in the presence of different H₂O₂ (A), CFW (B), NaCl (C), SDS (D) and sorbitol (E) concentrations and at distinct pHs (F). Growth was determined as the area under the curve (AUC) after 7 days of incubation at 24 °C. The two-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey’s test (p < 0.05), was performed to determine the significant growth of the Δpks8a (denoted as *) and Δpks27c (denoted as Φ) knockout mutants compared to the wild type. Values represent the mean ± standard error of the mean of three biological replicates. The experiment was repeated twice.