Figure 3.

Growth of the wt strain A. carbonarius ITEM 5010 (■) and two ΔveA (△ represents ΔveA10b, and ▽ denotes ΔveA12a) in the presence of different H₂O₂ (A), CFW (B), NaCl (C), SDS (D) and sorbitol (E), concentrations and at distinct pHs (F). Growth was determined as the area under the curve (AUC) after 7 days of incubation at 24 °C. The two-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey’s test (p < 0.05, indicated as *), was performed to establish whether significant differences existed between the knockout mutants and the wild type. Values represent the mean and standard error of the mean of three biological replicates. The experiment was repeated twice.