Figure 5.

OTA production (A,B) during the infection of grape berries. Co-inoculation of the mycotoxigenic wil-type (wt) strain A. carbonarius ITEM 5010 and the Δpks mutant (A,C), and the wt and ΔveA (B,D). Competitive assays were performed at the 1:0, 10:1, 1:1, 1:10, and 0:1 ratios (wt:Δ). Grape berries were incubated at 28 °C for up to 10 days. Values are the mean of three biological replicates and error bars represent the standard error of the mean (SEM). Values are normalized based on the production of OTA by the wt strain.