Table 3.
Characteristics of ANN networks selected for the prediction of the average droplet sizes of oil-in-water and oil-in-aqueous mint extract (green shading) emulsions prepared in a microfluidic device at different flow rates using different emulsifiers based on different NIR spectra pretreatments.
| Emulsifier/ Pretreatment |
MLP | Training Perf./ Training Error |
Test Perf./ Test Error |
Validation Perf./ Validation Error |
Hidden Activation | Output Activation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PEG 1500/ SNV |
MLP 5-10-1 | 0.9843 0.0073 |
0.8085 0.0101 |
0.7443 0.0128 |
Identity | Exponential |
| MLP 5-9-1 | 0.9844 0.0041 |
0.8496 0.0100 |
0.7364 0.0161 |
Identity | Identity | |
| MLP 5-10-1 | 0.9828 0.0058 |
0.8508 0.0125 |
0.7348 0.0172 |
Exponential | Exponential | |
| MLP 5-8-1 |
0.9836
0.0072 |
0.8515
0.0079 |
0.7615
0.0121 |
Logistic | Identity | |
| MLP 5-5-1 | 0.9835 0.0032 |
0.8115 0.0120 |
0.7358 0.0166 |
Exponential | Exponential | |
| PEG 6000/ SNV |
MLP 5-4-1 | 0.9374 0.0048 |
0.9083 0.0064 |
0.7160 0.0074 |
Tanh | Exponential |
| MLP 5-8-1 |
0.9428
0.0044 |
0.8675
0.0044 |
0.7377
0.0119 |
Exponential | Identity | |
| MLP 5-8-1 | 0.9270 0.0056 |
0.8551 0.0056 |
0.7094 0.0145 |
Tanh | Identity | |
| MLP 5-8-1 | 0.9261 0.0057 |
0.8287 0.0057 |
0.7176 0.0149 |
Exponential | Exponential | |
| MLP 5-6-1 | 0.9297 0.0054 |
0.8689 0.0054 |
0.7101 0.0103 |
Exponential | Exponential | |
| PEG 20000/ SNV |
MLP 5-7-1 | 0.9912 0.0003 |
0.7979 0.0028 |
0.7501 0.0061 |
Exponential | Exponential |
| MLP 5-4-1 | 0.8970 0.0036 |
0.8056 0.0052 |
0.7808 0.0064 |
Exponential | Identity | |
| MLP 5-7-1 | 0.8329 0.0046 |
0.8036 0.0043 |
0.7844 0.0068 |
Logistic | Tanh | |
| MLP 5-7-1 | 0.8154 0.0043 |
0.8042 0.0054 |
0.6151 0.0091 |
Logistic | Tanh | |
| MLP 5-5-1 |
0.9917
0.0002 |
0.9294
0.00184 |
0.8533
0.0027 |
Exponential | Exponential | |
| PEG 1500/ MSC |
MLP 5-11-1 | 0.9998 0.0002 |
0.9994 0.0005 |
0.9985 0.0015 |
Exponential | Identity |
| MLP 5-11-1 | 0.9993 0.0007 |
0.9988 0.0012 |
0.9972 0.0028 |
Exponential | Identity | |
| MLP 5-10-1 | 0.9966 0.0034 |
0.9921 0.0079 |
0.9920 0.0080 |
Exponential | Identity | |
| MLP 5-11-1 | 0.9997 0.0003 |
0.9996 0.0004 |
0.9993 0.0007 |
Logistic | Identity | |
| MLP 5-8-1 |
0.9996
0.0004 |
0.9994
0.0006 |
0.9995
0.0005 |
Logistic | Identity | |
| PEG 6000/ MSC |
MLP 5-3-1 |
0.9516
0.0044 |
0.9311
0.0075 |
0.8113
0.0096 |
Tanh | Logistic |
| MLP 5-11-1 | 0.9227 0.0042 |
0.8667 0.0086 |
0.7257 0.0185 |
Tanh | Tanh | |
| MLP 5-10-1 | 0.7311 0.0092 |
0.7104 0.0128 |
0.6716 0.0167 |
Logistic | Logistic | |
| MLP 5-5-1 | 0.7693 0.0092 |
0.7285 0.0113 |
0.7182 0.0142 |
Tanh | Logistic | |
| MLP 5-4-1 | 0.8271 0.0087 |
0.7577 0.0125 |
0.7192 0.0128 |
Tanh | Logistic | |
| PEG 20000/ MSC |
MLP 5-5-1 | 0.9924 0.0003 |
0.8273 0.0031 |
0.6731 0.0091 |
Logistic | Identity |
| MLP 5-5-1 |
0.9990
0.0003 |
0.9915
0.005 |
0.9978
0.0008 |
Exponential | Tanh | |
| MLP 5-9-1 | 0.9868 0.0001 |
0.9691 0.0007 |
0.9528 0.0016 |
Exponential | Logistic | |
| MLP 5-5-1 | 0.9969 0.0004 |
0.7644 0.0055 |
0.7234 0.0084 |
Logistic | Logistic | |
| MLP 5-11-1 | 0.9908 0.0005 |
0.9392 0.0006 |
0.9281 0.0023 |
Exponential | Identity |