Table 7.

Biological activity of Bactris gasipaes.

Activity	MS	Product/Model	Mechanism	Result	Ref.
Hypoglycemic	Pulp	In vivo Healthy individuals (18–51 years)	Post-prandial glucose measured at 30, 60, 90 and 120 min after ingesting 25 g of pulp.	Smaller Glycemic index than bread 80 ± 9 mg/dl-60 to 90 min	[87]
HDL increase	Pulverized fruit	Commercial rat food supplemented with red B. gasipaes fruit /Rats	Daily feeding with the mixture for 30 days.	Infant group: <weight gain and BMI, cholesterol and >HDL cholesterol Post-infant group: <triglycerides and >HDL cholesterol	[88]
Hypolipemiant	Pulp and seed	Fruit flour and lysine In vivo 16 pigs, fattening phase for 35 days	Percentage of flour (0, 16, and 32) and lysine (0 and 0.27) <lipid content Improves the properties of lean meat	Addition of flour in 16% and lysine 0.17%-meat with >dry matter content and moisture <	[89]
Cytotoxicity	Pulp	ETHOS In vitro MCR-5 cells	Viability of MCR-5 when exposing cells to concentrations of 6.25 to 200 μg/mL/72 h	Causes death in normal lung cells.	[85]
Effect on sperm motility	Pulverized pulp	Aqueous extract In vitro Sperm	Progressive agglutination of sperm Reduces its rectilinear velocity and linearity index.	Non-permanent action, thermolabile at 100 °C for 1 min	[84]
Liver protection	Pulp	Acetone extract In vivo 5 Sprague–Dawley rats	Liver tissue of each rat subjected to oxidative stress with HPTB and then measure the reactive substances to thiobarbituric acid—the final product of lipid peroxidation.	Hepatoprotective effect against oxidative stress <CI50 with a concentration of 10.9 μg carotenoids/mL	[87]

Note. The acronyms correspond to: SM: Morphological structure. min: Minutes. N: Number. BMI: body mass index. ETHOS: Microwave extraction with aqueous ethanol solution. MCR-5: A cell line of human lung fibroblasts. h: Hours.