Table 1.
Range and mean concentrations of pesticide residues (µg Kg−1) found in vegetable sample collected from farmer markets in Sharkia Governorate, Egypt.
| Samples | Pesticides | Type * | RT (Min.) | Range (µg Kg−1) | Mean ± SD | LOD (µg Kg−1) |
LOQ (µg Kg−1) |
MRL ** (µg Kg−1) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carrot | ||||||||
| Lufenuron | I | 11.08 | 25–99 | 62.00 ± 37.00 | 0.5 | 5 | 10 | |
| Cabbage | ||||||||
| Chlorpyrifos | I | 11.02 | 4–10 | 7.33 ± 3.06 | 1.7 | 3 | 10 | |
| Lambda-cyhalothrin | I | 35.88 | 9–19 | 13.33 ± 5.13 | 0.5 | 10 | 150 | |
| Thiacloprid | I | 5.06 | 6–17 | 11.33 ± 5.51 | 0.5 | 10 | 300 | |
| Cucumber | ||||||||
| Acetamprid | I | 4.64 | 8–22 | 13.33 ± 7.57 | 0.3 | 10 | 300 | |
| Carbendazim | F | 4.92 | 8–28 | 18.33 ± 10.02 | 0.3 | 10 | 100 | |
| Chlorfenapyr | I | 10.70 | 22–36 | 28.67 ± 7.02 | 2.5 | 10 | 10 | |
| Chlorpyrifos | I | 11.02 | 36–100 | 59.33 ± 35.35 | 1.7 | 5 | 10 | |
| Cypermethrin | I | 41.95 | 29–45 | 35.00 ± 8.72 | 4 | 25 | 200 | |
| Fenvalerate | I | 45.07 | 55–80 | 65.67 ± 12.90 | 0.3 | 25 | 20 | |
| Fipronil | I | 9.25 | 11 | 11.00 ± 0.00 | 0.3 | 5 | 5 | |
| Imidacloprid | I | 4.93 | 12–32 | 21.67 ± 10.02 | 0.3 | 5 | 500 | |
| Lambda-cyhalothrin | I | 35.88 | 8–48 | 22.33 ± 22.28 | 0.5 | 10 | 50 | |
| Methomyl | I | 4.97 | 48 | 48.00 ± 0.00 | 5 | 10 | 10 | |
| Oxamyl | I | 1.51 | 17 | 17.00 ± 0.00 | 2.5 | 10 | 10 | |
| Pyrimethanil | F | 7.52 | 54 | 54.00 ± 0.00 | 1.7 | 5 | 800 | |
| Thiacloprid | I | 5.06 | 9–13 | 10.67 ± 2.08 | 0.5 | 10 | 500 | |
| Thiamethoxam | I | 4.78 | 17–40 | 26.67 ± 11.93 | 1.7 | 5 | 500 | |
| Thiophanate methyl | F | 5.44 | 66–100 | 85.00 ± 17.35 | 0.3 | 1 | 100 | |
| Eggplant | ||||||||
| Acetamprid | I | 4.64 | 10–14 | 12.00 ± 2.00 | 0.3 | 10 | 200 | |
| Chlorpyrifos | I | 11.02 | 11 | 11.00 ± 0.00 | 1.7 | 5 | 10 | |
| Cypermethrin | I | 41.95 | 11–21 | 16.00 ± 5.00 | 4 | 25 | 500 | |
| Deltamethrin | I | 35.01 | 44–74 | 57.33 ± 15.28 | 1.8 | 10 | 400 | |
| Hexythiazox | I | 11.05 | 13 | 13.00 ± 0.00 | 0.3 | 5 | 100 | |
| Lambda-cyhalothrin | I | 35.88 | 10–63 | 37.67 ± 26.58 | 0.5 | 10 | 300 | |
| Lufenuron | I | 11.08 | 17–34 | 24.33 ± 8.74 | 0.5 | 5 | 300 | |
| Propargite | I | 11.32 | 11 | 11.00 ± 0.00 | 2 | 5 | 10 | |
| Green Beans | ||||||||
| Chlorpyrifos | I | 11.02 | 8 | 8.00 ± 0.00 | 1.7 | 5 | 10 | |
| Lambda-cyhalothrin | I | 35.88 | 9–15 | 11.67 ± 3.06 | 0.5 | 10 | 400 | |
| Lufenuron | I | 11.08 | 233–453 | 328.33 ± 112.90 | 0.5 | 5 | 10 | |
| Green Onion | ||||||||
| Chlorpyrifos | I | 11.02 | 7–19 | 12.67 ± 6.03 | 1.7 | 5 | 10 | |
| Lambda-cyhalothrin | I | 35.88 | 12 | 12.00 ± 0.00 | 0.5 | 10 | 200 | |
| Profenofos | I | 10.46 | 951 | 951.00 ± 0.00 | 10 | 25 | 20 | |
| Green Peas | ||||||||
| Chlorpyrifos | I | 11.02 | 16 | 16.00 ± 0.00 | 1.7 | 5 | 10 | |
| Lambda-cyhalothrin | I | 35.88 | 24–101 | 63.00 ± 38.51 | 0.5 | 10 | 200 | |
| Lufenuron | I | 11.08 | 40–96 | 67.67 ± 28.01 | 0.5 | 5 | 10 | |
| Thiamethoxam | I | 4.78 | 9 | 9.00 ± 0.00 | 1.7 | 5 | 300 | |
| Okra | ||||||||
| Chlorpyrifos | I | 11.02 | 14–18 | 16.00 ± 2.83 | 1.7 | 5 | 10 | |
| Cypermethrin | I | 41.95 | 13–44 | 27.67 ± 15.57 | 4 | 25 | 500 | |
| Deltamethrin | I | 35.01 | 11 | 11.00 ± 0.00 | 1.8 | 10 | 10 | |
| Fenvalerate | I | 45.07 | 9–50 | 27.00 ± 20.95 | 0.3 | 25 | 20 | |
| Fipronil | I | 9.25 | 26 | 26.00 ± 0.00 | 0.3 | 5 | 5 | |
| Imidacloprid | I | 4.93 | 8–30 | 16.67 ± 11.72 | 0.3 | 5 | 500 | |
| Lambda-cyhalothrin | I | 35.88 | 39–99 | 68.33 ± 30.02 | 0.5 | 10 | 300 | |
| Propargite | I | 11.32 | 14 | 14.00 ± 0.00 | 2 | 5 | 10 | |
| Pepper | ||||||||
| Acetamprid | I | 4.64 | 99–221 | 151.67 ± 62.68 | 0.3 | 10 | 300 | |
| Boscalid | F | 8.03 | 50–106 | 79.67 ± 28.15 | 0.5 | 1 | 3000 | |
| Carbendazim | F | 4.92 | 98–330 | 232.67 ± 120.42 | 0.3 | 10 | 100 | |
| Chlorpyrifos | I | 11.02 | 24 | 24.00 ± 0.00 | 1.7 | 5 | 10 | |
| Dimethoate | I | 4.95 | 11 | 11.00 ± 0.00 | 0.3 | 1 | 10 | |
| Fluazifop-p-butyl | H | 10.74 | 60–90 | 77.33 ± 15.53 | 0.3 | 5 | 10 | |
| Imidacloprid | I | 4.93 | 9–22 | 16.00 ± 6.56 | 0.3 | 5 | 900 | |
| Lambda-cyhalothrin | I | 35.88 | 21–64 | 43.00 ± 21.52 | 0.5 | 10 | 300 | |
| Methomyl | I | 4.97 | 9–60 | 32.00 ± 25.87 | 5 | 10 | 40 | |
| Myclobutanil | F | 8.26 | 19 | 19.00 ± 0.00 | 1.7 | 5 | 3000 | |
| Profenofos | I | 10.46 | 35 | 35.00 ± 0.00 | 10 | 25 | 10 | |
| Thiophanate methyl | F | 5.44 | 17–60 | 38.33 ± 21.50 | 0.3 | 1 | 100 | |
| Potatoes | ||||||||
| Chlorpyrifos | I | 11.02 | 13–14 | 13.50 ± 0.71 | 1.7 | 5 | 10 | |
| Lufenuron | I | 11.08 | 60–120 | 87.00 ± 30.45 | 0.5 | 5 | 10 | |
| Spinach | ||||||||
| Acetamprid | I | 4.64 | 11 | 11.00 ± 0.00 | 0.3 | 10 | 600 | |
| Chlorpyrifos | I | 11.02 | 12 | 12.00 ± 0.00 | 1.7 | 5 | 10 | |
| Lambda-cyhalothrin | I | 35.88 | 340–521 | 434.33 ± 90.74 | 0.5 | 10 | 600 | |
| Omethoate | I | 7.38 | 12 | 12.00 ± 0.00 | 3.3 | 5 | 10 | |
| Thiacloprid | I | 5.06 | 9–31 | 17.00 ± 12.17 | 0.5 | 10 | 150 | |
| Tomato | ||||||||
| Acetamprid | I | 4.64 | 8–23 | 15.00 ± 7.55 | 0.3 | 10 | 500 | |
| Carbendazim | F | 4.92 | 16–109 | 62.50 ± 65.76 | 0.3 | 10 | 300 | |
| Chlorpyrifos | I | 11.02 | 52 | 52.00 ± 0.00 | 1.7 | 5 | 10 | |
| Cypermethrin | I | 41.95 | 26 | 26.00 ± 0.00 | 4 | 25 | 500 | |
| Fenvalerate | I | 45.07 | 12 | 12.00 ± 0.00 | 0.3 | 25 | 100 | |
| Imidacloprid | I | 4.93 | 11–30 | 20.50 ± 13.44 | 0.3 | 5 | 300 | |
| Lambda-cyhalothrin | I | 35.88 | 29–72 | 51.67 ± 21.59 | 0.5 | 10 | 70 | |
| Permethrin | I | 23.09 | 23 | 23.00 ± 0.00 | 0.3 | 1 | 50 | |
| Propargite | I | 11.32 | 88–219 | 152.00 ± 65.55 | 2 | 5 | 10 | |
| Thiophanate methyl | F | 5.44 | 120–210 | 163.33 ± 45.09 | 0.3 | 1 | 100 | |
| Zucchini | ||||||||
| Acetamprid | I | 4.64 | 7–40 | 20.33 ± 17.39 | 0.3 | 10 | 300 | |
| Carbendazim | F | 4.92 | 23 | 23.00 ± 0.00 | 0.3 | 10 | 100 | |
| Chlorpyrifos | I | 11.02 | 16–80 | 48.00 ± 45.25 | 1.7 | 5 | 10 | |
| Deltamethrin | I | 35.01 | 9–22 | 14.33 ± 6.81 | 1.8 | 10 | 200 | |
| Diazinon | I | 9.31 | 11 | 11.00 ± 0.00 | 1.7 | 5 | 10 | |
| Fenvalerate | I | 45.07 | 16 | 16.00 ± 0.00 | 0.3 | 25 | 20 | |
| Fipronil | I | 9.25 | 33 | 33.00 ± 0.00 | 0.3 | 5 | 5 | |
| Imidacloprid | I | 4.93 | 90–541 | 320.67 ± 225.68 | 0.3 | 5 | 400 | |
| Lambda-cyhalothrin | I | 35.88 | 68–174 | 121.00 ± 74.95 | 0.5 | 10 | 150 | |
| Tebuconazole | F | 8.59 | 9–70 | 37.33 ± 30.73 | 1.7 | 10 | 600 | |
| Thiamethoxam | I | 4.78 | 4–131 | 66.33 ± 63.53 | 1.7 | 5 | 500 | |
| Thiophanate methyl | F | 5.44 | 105 | 105.00 ± 0.00 | 0.3 | 1 | 100 |
* Types of pesticides detected: insecticide (I), fungicide (F), and herbicide (H). ** MRL: mean maximum residue limits obtained from European commission pesticide residue database.