Determination of T-cell proliferation and activation. (A) The 2D-MSCs and 3D-MSCs inhibited T-cell proliferation in 72 h of co-culture. (B) Representative CFSE histograms of PHA-activated PBMCs (black), PHA-activated PBMCs cultured with 2D-MSCs (red), and PHA-activated PBMCs cultured with 3D-MSCs (blue). (C) The 2D-MSCs’ and 3D-MSCs’ secretomes inhibited T-cell proliferation in 72 h of culture. (D) Representative CFSE histograms of PHA-activated PBMCs (black), PHA-activated PBMCs cultured with 2D-MSCs secretome (red), and PHA-activated PBMCs cultured with 3D-MSCs secretome (blue). (E) The 2D-MSCs promoted and 3D-MSCs inhibited CD69 expression on T-cells in 24 h of co-culture. (F,G) The 3D-MSCs inhibited CD38 and CD137 expression on T-cells in 24 h of co-culture. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; **** p < 0.0001.