Table 7.

Application of chitosan-based complexes in DNA vaccines.

Chitosan Complex	Causative Agent	Immune Animal or Model	Immunization Mode
Chitosan–saponin [196]	Avian infectious bronchitis virus	Chicken	Intramuscular injection
Chitosan–trimeric phosphate [194]	pVAX-OMP and pVAX-hly	Carp	Oral
Polylactic-co-glycolic acid-chitosan NPs [197]	Late-onset Edwardian spp.	Fish	Immunization by immersion
N-2-Hydroxypropyl dimethylethyl ammonium chloride chitosan NPs [38]	Newcastle disease virus	Chicken	Intranasal
Mannosylated chitosan [198]	Mycobacterium pneumonia	Mouse	Intranasal
N-2-HACC/CMCS NPs [40]	Newcastle disease virus	Chicken	Intranasal
Chitosan NPs [199]	Herpes simplex virus	Duck	Intramuscular injection
Chitosan NPs [200]	Hepatitis B antigen	Mouse	Intranasal
Chitosan NPs [201]	Helicobacter pylori	Mouse	Oral
Mannosylated chitosan NPs [202]	Mouth disease virus	Guinea pig	Intranasal