Table 1.
Descriptive statistics of the study population. Selected characteristics of the study cohort (n = 283) stratified by dietary patterns. Values are absolute number and percentages unless stated otherwise within diet group according to the categories in the first column.
| Vegetarian/Vegan n = 59 (21%) |
Omnivore n = 224 (79%) |
Total n = 283 (100%) |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | |||
| 19–25 | 6 (10%) | 11 (5%) | 17 (6%) |
| 26–30 | 21 (36%) | 101 (45%) | 122 (43%) |
| 31–35 | 25 (42%) | 87 (39%) | 112 (40%) |
| 36–40 | 6 (10%) | 23 (10%) | 29 (10%) |
| 41–45 | 1 (2%) | 2 (1%) | 3 (1%) |
| ≥46 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Living situation | |||
| Living alone | 1 (2%) | 2 (1%) | 3 (1%) |
| Living with partner | 33 (56%) | 107 (48%) | 140 (49%) |
| Living with family | 24 (41%) | 114 (51%) | 138 (49%) |
| Others | 1 (2%) | 1 (1%) | 2 (1%) |
| Level of education | |||
| Secondary school | 1 (2%) | 3 (1%) | 4 (1%) |
| Secondary modern school | 9 (15%) | 47 (21%) | 56 (20%) |
| Grammar school | 10 (17%) | 64 (29%) | 74 (26%) |
| University | 38 (64%) | 106 (47%) | 144 (51%) |
| Others | 1 (2%) | 4 (2%) | 5 (2%) |
| Median (IQR) gestational week | 31 (17) | 24 (14.75) | 25 (15) |
| Parity | |||
| 1 | 29 (49%) | 105 (47%) | 134 (47%) |
| 2 | 17 (29%) | 70 (31%) | 87 (31%) |
| ≥3 | 13 (22%) | 48 (22%) | 62 (22%) |
| Median (IQR) days feeling nauseous | 60 (78) | 32 (75) | 35 (74) |
| Weight loss due to vomiting | 8 (14%) | 46 (21%) | 54 (19%) |
| Changed diet for pregnancy | 11 (76%) | 45 (20%) | 56 (20%) |
| Choline-containing supplement intake | 5 (8%) | 11 (5%) | 16 (6%) |
| Choline recommendation by doctor, alternative practitioner, or nutritionist | 0 (0%) | 3 (1%) | 3 (1%) |