Table 1.
Characteristics and outcomes of participants categorized by GNRI.
| Non-Matched Cohort | Matched Cohort | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | High GNRI Group (≥98) |
Low GNRI Group (<98) |
p | High GNRI Group (≥98) |
Low GNRI Group (<98) |
p |
| n | 748 | 397 | NA | 366 | 366 | NA |
| Age, years | 65.17 ± 15.12 | 69.51 ± 15.29 | <0.001 | 69.63 ± 13.18 | 69.12 ± 15.42 | 0.49 |
| Male | 427 (57.1%) | 215 (54.2%) | 0.34 | 201 (54.9%) | 198 (54.1%) | 0.82 |
| Weight, kg | 87.55 ± 21.05 | 66.56 ± 13.59 | <0.001 | 86.03 ± 21.40 | 66.80 ± 13.66 | < 0.001 |
| BMI | 30.34 ± 6.45 | 23.27 ± 3.57 | <0.001 | 31.11 ± 6.45 | 23.32 ± 3.59 | < 0.001 |
| SAPS score | 18.69 ± 4.9 | 20.65 ± 5.06 | <0.001 | 20.27 ± 4.68 | 20.23 ± 4.81 | 0.13 |
| SOFA score | 4 (2–6) | 5 (3–7) | <0.001 | 4 (2–7) | 4 (3–7) | 0.38 |
| GNRI score | 112.57 ± 11.77 | 88.39 ± 7.42 | <0.001 | 111.46 ± 11.51 | 88.49 ± 7.31 | < 0.001 |
| Types of stroke | ||||||
| Ischemic stroke | 413 (64%) | 228 (36%) | NA | 207 (48%) | 221 (52%) | NA |
| Hemorrhagic stroke | 335 (66%) | 169 (34%) | NA | 159 (52%) | 145 (48%) | NA |
| Comorbidities | ||||||
| CHF | 170 (22.7%) | 115 (29.0%) | 0.02 | 94 (25.7%) | 106 (29.0%) |
0.32 |
| Renal | 68 (9.1%) | 51 (12.9%) | 0.05 | 36 (9.8%) | 44 (12.0%) | 0.34 |
| AFIB | 241 (33.2%) | 127 (32.0%) | 0.94 | 123 (33.6%) |
118 (32.2%) | 0.69 |
| Liver | 18 (2.4%) | 15 (3.8%) | 0.19 | 12 (3.3%) | 11 (3.0%) | 0.83 |
| COPD | 57 (7.6%) | 55 (13.9%) | 0.001 | 46 (12.6%) | 40 (10.9%) | 0.49 |
| CHD | 247 (33.0%) | 103 (25.9%) | 0.01 | 118 (32.2%) | 92 (25.1%) | 0.03 |
| Malignancy | 100 (13.4%) | 66 (16.6%) | 0.14 | 52 (14.2%) | 52 (14.2) | 1.00 |
| AIDS | 0 (0%) | 5 (1.3%) | 0.005 | 0 (0%) | 4 (1.1%) | 0.045 |
| Diabetes | 237 (31.68%) | 92 (23.2%) | 0.002 | 93 (25.4%) | 89 (24.3%) | 0.73 |
| Sepsis | 51 (6.8%) | 52 (13.1%) | <0.001 | 37 (10.1%) | 40 (10.9%) | 0.72 |
| Vital signs | ||||||
| Heart rate | 82.64 ± 17.77 | 86.47 ± 19.82 | <0.001 | 84.83 ± 19.40 | 85.01 ± 18.99 | 0.75 |
| MAP | 87.12 ± 19.64 | 86.54 ± 19.68 | 0.63 | 87.54 ± 21.42 | 86.89 ± 19.44 | 0.33 |
| Temperature (°C) |
36.6 (36.0–37.1) | 36.6 (35.9–37.1) | 0.42 | 36.6 (35.9–37.0) | 36.6 (35.9–37.1) | 0.69 |
| Lab tests | ||||||
| Serum albumin, g/dL | 3.7 (3.4–4.0) | 3.0 (2.6–3.4) | <0.001 | 3.7 (3.3–4.0) | 3.0 (2.6–3.4) | <0.001 |
| WBC | 11.35 (8.50–14.50) | 11.30 (8.20–15.40) | 0.86 | 11.80 (9.00–15.05) | 11.05 (8.10–15.20) | 0.07 |
| Hb | 11.70 (9.80–13.10) | 10.50 (9.30–12.08) | <0.001 | 11.45 (9.28–12.90) | 10.60 (9.40–12.03) | 0.003 |
| Platelet | 200.00 (149.00–262.00) | 206.00 (147.00–268.00) | 0.70 | 197.00 (151.75–260.00) | 203.50 (146.25–269.00) | 0.56 |
| Sodium | 138.00 (136.00–141.00) | 139.00 (135.00–142.00) | 0.46 | 138.00 (136.00–141.00) | 139 (135.00–142.00) | 0.51 |
| Potassium | 4.00 (3.60–4.40) | 3.90 (3.60–4.40) | 0.17 | 4.00 (3.60–4.50) | 3.90 (3.60–4.40) | 0.08 |
| Bicarbonate | 24.00 (22.00–26.00) | 23.00 (21.00–26.00) | 0.008 | 23.00 (21.00–26.00) | 23.00 (21.00–25.00) | 0.18 |
| Chloride | 106.00 (102.00–108.00) | 106.00 (102.00–110.00) | 0.015 | 106.00 (102.00–109.00) | 107.00 (102.00–110.00) | 0.07 |
| BUN | 16.00 (12.00–24.00) | 18.00 (13.00–29.50) | <0.001 | 18.00 (13.00–27.00) | 18.00 (13.00–28.00) | 0.93 |
| Creatinine | 0.90 (0.70–1.20) | 0.90 (0.70–1.40) | 0.258 | 0.90 (0.70–1.30) | 0.90 (0.70–1.40) | 0.41 |
| Interventions | ||||||
| Sedative use | 452 (60.4%) | 241 (60.7%) | 0.93 | 243 (66.4%) | 222 (60.7%) | 0.11 |
| Infusion of thrombolytic agent | 49 (6.6%) | 19 (4.8%) | 0.23 | 20 (5.5%) | 18 (4.9%) | 0.21 |
| Endovascular removal of obstruction | 18 (2.4%) | 14 (3.5%) | 0.27 | 11 (3.0%) | 14 (3.8%) | 0.20 |
| Clinical Outcomes | ||||||
| Mortality_ 28-day |
125 (16.7%) | 114 (28.7%) | <0.001 | 76 (20.8%) | 102 (27.9%) | 0.025 |
| Mortality_ 90-day |
159 (21.3%) | 145 (36.5%) | <0.001 | 94 (25.7%) | 130 (35.5%) | 0.004 |
| Mortality_ 1-year |
196 (26.2%) | 176 (44.3%) | <0.001 | 113 (30.9%) | 159 (43.4%) | <0.001 |
| ICU LOS(d) | 8.23 ± 8.72 | 9.77 ± 9.70 | 0.006 | 8.32 ± 0.46 | 9.86 ± 0.51 | 0.024 |
BMI, body mass index; SAPS, simplified acute physiology score; SOFA, sequential organ failure assessment; CHF, congestive heart failure; AFIB, atrial fibrillation; CHD, coronary heart disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; MAP, mean arterial pressure; Hb, hemoglobin; WBC, white blood cell count; BUN, blood urea nitrogen. ICU LOS, ICU length of stay. Bold values indicate statistical significance (p < 0.05).